APUSH Time Period 7 p1

Imperialism

when a stronger nation exerts control/influence (economic, social, military, political) over a weaker nation

Alfred T Mahan

US Naval Officer; believed the US needed to keep up with other nations militarily

Spanish-American War

“splendid little war”; easy war for Americans, led to lots of territorial gains

Theodore Roosevelt

Asst. Sec. of the Navy under McKinley; resigned from his position to fight in the SpAm war; led the Rough Riders; became gov. of NY then later became president

Rough Riders

a group of fighters in the SpAm war led by T Roosevelt

Yellow Journalism

sensationalized & exaggerated headlines to sell more newspapers

Jingoism

extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy

De Lome Letter

a letter from the Spanish ambassador in the US; criticized McKinley as “weak” and a “bidder for the crowd”

Platt Amendment

amendment to the Cuban Constitution; stated the Cuba is a US protectorate

Emilo Aguinaldo

leader of the Filipino uprising

Sphere of Influence

the countries that the US has influence over politically, socially, or economically

American Anti-Imperialist League

founded in 1899; campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines; notable membership including Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, and William Jennings Bryan

Insular Cases

US Supreme Court decision that constitutional rights are not automatically extended to territories; congress decides extensions of rights

Boxer Rebellion

rebellion by Chinese fighters called “boxers” by the US

Open Door Policy

gives all nations equal trade access to China; guaranteed that China won’t be taken over by any foreign powers

Panama Canal

took 10 years to build; worked on by over 40k workers, but 5.6k died; connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Roosevelt Corollary

addition to the Monroe Doctrine; established the US as an international police power defending democracy; will protect LatAm interests using military force

Big Stick Diplomacy

the idea that the US should be the “police force” or “constable” of the world

Treaty of Portsmouth

ended the Russo-Japanese War; brokered by Roosevelt

Gentlemen’s Agreement

Japan agreed to limit emigrant laborers going to the US; mutual respect of Pacific territorial possesions

Great White Fleet

a flagrant showing off of US international/military power

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

factory in NYC with horrible working conditions; manmade, preventable accident that revealed the horrible conditions; exposed the need for new safety laws & regulations; motivator for labor unions

17th Amendment

allowed the direct election of senators

18th Amendment

prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment

gave women the right to vote

muckrakers

journalists who wrote about and revealed the corrupt side of business and society

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who wrote “The Jungle”; intended to show bad working conditions, instead led to concern over health safety in the food industry

Carrie Chapman Catt

suffragette who campaigned for the 19th Amendment

Square Deal

progressive reforms sponsored by TR

Trustbuster

TR challenged multiple trusts including the Northern Securities Co. and legally ordered them dissolved

Meat Inspection Act of 1906

act inspired by The Jungle; required federal inspections of meat importations and processing

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

act meant to prevent mislabings of food and pharmaceuticals

John Muir

conservationist who helped protect lots of US land

William H. Taft

president after TR (biggest challenge); trustbuster who lost favor after challenging the US Steel corp; dollar diplomacy

Dollar Diplomacy

improve financial opportunities; use private capital to further US overseas interests; stability abroad promotes US commercial interests

Election of 1912

election with 4 candidates: republican, democrat, progressive, & socialist

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

protected labor unions from being outlawed or prosecuted by big business or trusts; improves upon teh Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Moral Diplomacy

it is the US’s moral duty to influence other western countries and spread democracy