Studied by 10 peopleUnlike other animals, sponges __________.
Lack true tissues and organs
Lack a coelom
are unicellular
are bilateral
possess cell walls
Lack true tissues
Sponges diverged from the other animals early in their history
Sponges feed by ___
filtering small particles from water
absorbing nutrients from the guts of their hosts
paralyzing small crustaceans with stinging cells
scraping bacteria and algae from hard substrates
performing photosynthesis
filtering small particles from water
Sponges trap food from the water circulating through their porous bodies
Symmetry is one of the most basic characteristics of animals. The group that has a different symmetry from the other four groups listed here is the _____.
jellies
chordates
mollusks
arthropods
annelids
jellies
Individuals in the phylum Cnidaria represent an early branch of the animal kingdom. The other groups mentioned in this question exhibit bilateral symmetry, but jellies exhibit radial symmetry
All animals with bilateral symmetry have ___ germ layers
0
1
2
3
4
3
All bilaterally symmetrical animals have three germ layers
A ____ is a chordate but not a vertebrate
lamprey
lancelet
frog
shark
sea star
lancelet
Lancelets are cephalochordates and retain their notochord as adults
A lamprey, a shark, a lizard, and a rabbit share all of these characteristics except ____.
pharyngeal slits in the embryo
vertebrae
a dorsal, hollow nerve cord
hinged jaws
all of the the choices are correct
hinged jaws
The lamprey is jawless
Which set of animals only contain gnathostomes?
rays, turtles, pigeons, and tuna
sharks, hagfish, and whales
hagfish, bass, sharks, and frogs
lampreys, conodonts, and hagfish
conodonts, placoderms, and acanthodians
rays, turtles, pigeons, and tuna
Gnathostomes are diverse
The majority of animal species are___.
acoelomates
annelids
nematodes
vertebrates
insects
insects
In species diversity, insects outnumber all other forms of life combined
Which animal is an amphibian?
caecilian
lizard
turtle
all of these
none
caecilian
They are legless amphibians, often mistook for snakes.
The adaptation that freed vertebrates from water for reproduction and allowed them to radiate into diverse terrestrial environments was the ___.
Placenta
hair
endoderm
bony appendage
amniotic egg
amniotic egg
The amniotic egg allows for reproduction and development within a structure that provides moisture, food, waste storage, and gas exchange
All mammals
bear live young
complete their embryonic development in the uterus
nourish their offspring through mammary glands
All of them
None
Nourish their offspring through mammary glands
Mammary glands that produce milk are as distinctively mammalian as hair
The opossum is an example of a(n) _____ mammal
oviparous
marsupial
eutherian
placental
monotreme
marsupial
Opossums, like all marsupial mammals, keep their nursing young in an external pouch
All of the following are characteristics of the body cavity except……
Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton in soft-bodied animals
Forms the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians
Cushions suspended organs, preventing internal injury
A space lined by mesoderm in coelomates
Allows internal organs to enlarge and move independently of outer body wall
Forms the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians
Which of the following is a false statement concerning the cuticle/exoskeleton of the ecdysozoans?
decreases H2O loss
increases H2O loss
Provides protection and support for the organism
Made of chitin
Increases water loss
Which of the following is not associated with all arthropods
Triploblastic
Molting
Bilateral symmetry
wings
cuticle with chitin
Wings
Which of the following is not a derived trait of a chordate?
Post-anal tail
Vertebral column
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Notochord
Vertebral column
Why is Tiktaalik not classified as a tetrapod?
It had a neck
It had limbs without digits
Molecular evidence demonstrates it is a lobe-fin
It had lungs
It had an aquatic life-style
It had limbs without digits
Which of the following is the largest extant (Living) dinosaur?
Green anaconda
Leatherback Sea turtle
Saltwater Crocodile
Ostrich
Ostrich
Which of the following is the least likely reason concerning the origin of feathers in dinos?
To achieve flight
To provide thermal regulation
For display and mate selection
To achieve flight
There is evidence of Neanderthal ancestry in present-day Eurasian populations; providing evidence that as Homosapiens moved out of Africa and into Europe, there was admixing with Homoneanderthalensis
Which of the following is most correct?
Reinforcement was the hybrid zone outcome
Allelic variation in homo-sapiens decreased as a result
Reproductive barriers were complete among the species
Allopatric speciation drove the evolution of these two species
Allopatric speciation drove the evolution of these two species
The three Bilaterian clades are ________,
Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa
Deuterostomia, Amphibia, Actinopterygii
Chordates, Mammalia, Gnathostomes
Deuterostomia
Ecdysozoa
Lophotrochozoa
What is Deuterostomia
Deuterostomia is a taxonomic group of animals, including echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates. They share a common embryonic development pattern where the first opening becomes the anus, and the second opening becomes the mouth.
echinoderms
A phylum of marine animals characterized by their radial symmetry, spiny skin, and water vascular system used for movement and respiration. Examples include starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.
A Starfish possess a ___ type of symmetry
bilateral
unilateral
radial
multilateral
radial
_, is a type of animal clade characterized by the presence of a lophophore ( a feeding structure). Examples are snails, clams, and some segmented worms
Lophotrochozoa
Gnathostomes
Mammals
Hexapods
Lophotrochozoa
A snail has a feeding structure that is horseshoe-shaped and covered in cilia to help it catch particles of food.
What type of clade has this derived feature?
Lophotrochozoa
Cephalochordates
Lobe-fin
Urochordates
Lophotrochozoa
All animals specified as ____ have a notochord; dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits; post-anal tail at least in the embryonic stage as derived traits
Chordates
Urochordata
Porifera
Ctenophora
Chordates
Phylum of only invertebrate, comb-like cilia to help swim, radial, a simple nervous system, and is diploblastic
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Ecdysozoa
coelomates
Ctenophora
Phylum that has a simple body plan, radial symmetry, and a central digestive system is known as ___
Cnidaria
Gnathostome
Ctenophora
Lophotrochozoa
Cnidaria
Animals that are ____, are sessile (immobile)
bilateral
radial
circular
large
radial
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm
Ectoderm: Outer covering of the skin (epidermis), nervous system
Mesoderm: Muscles, dermis, blood vessels, bone, other organs
Endoderm: Lining of the digestive and respiratory tract, pancreas, liver
An animal has a body cavity with space between the digestive tract and the outer body wall, formed from the mesoderm
What type of cavity is it?
Coelomate
Triploblastic
Acoelomate
Radial
Coelomate
An animal has a cavity that is formed from the mesoderm and endoderm, fluid-filled separating the gut of the organism from the body wall
what type of cavity is it?
Placenta
Acoelomate
Coelomate
Pseudocoelomate
Pseudocoelomate
Segmented worms, such as an earthworm, is a(n)____, which is also known as a coelomate
Mollusc
Annelid
Acoelomate
Deuterostome
Annelid
Animals are ___
Only Heterotrophs
Only Phototrophs
Only Diploblastic
Only Autotrophs
Only Heterotrophs
During development, Echinoderm’s (starfish and urchins) and chordates’ first opening becomes the anus, and the mouth forms later.
What term would match this description?
Metamorphosis
Deuterostomia
Bilateria
Arthropods
Deuterostomia
A phylum of invertebrates that are characterized by periodic molting of their exoskeleton, including arthropods, nematodes, and tardigrades
Gnathostomes
Ecdysozoa
Deuterostomes
Cephalochordates
Ecdysozoa
What would be a correct statement regarding how bugs got their wings?
Acquisition of new genes
The need to fly to get away from predators
As a way of producing heat
Small changes in regulatory sequences over time
Small changes in regulatory sequences over time
Grasshoppers’ life stages include egg, nymph, and adult, which would classify their metamorphosis as ___
Complete
Ubiquitous
Incomplete
Incomplete
Flies’ life stages include egg, larva, pupa, and adult, which would classify their metamorphosis as ___
Complete
Ubiquitous
Incomplete
Complete
Chordates have huge differences in size and body mass. Despite their diversity, they all have shared derived traits that relate them all together
Which characteristics do Chordates possess?
Bilaterally symmetrical
Deuterostome
notochord
segmented bodies
Trick question it’s ALL OF THEM
Notochord’s job is to
Provide firm yet flexible skeletal support
forms the central nervous system
help with suspension feeding
Provide rigid structure
Provide firm yet flexible skeletal support
Lampreys, who are an example of the vertebrate Petromyzontida, are parasites of fish as adults and suspension feeders as larvae
What subphylum would Lampreys fall into
Gnathostomes
Jawless vertebrates
Chondrichthyes
Jawless vertebrates
Gnathostomes have hard, mineralized structures. __ are/is a shared derived character of Gnathostomes
Jaws
Hair
Limbs
Ribs
Jaws
There are two clades under the Gnathostome phylum. ( ) Which are cartilage fish, and ( ) which are bony fish
Chondrichthyes, osteichthyes
Amphibians, Osteichthyes
Tetrapods, Lobefins
Chondrichthyes, gnathostomes
Chondrichthyes, osteichthyes
A fish has rod-shaped bones surrounded by a thick layer of muscle in its fins.
What term would match this characteristic?
Actinopterygii
Osteichthyes
Lobe fin
Tiktaalik
Lobe fins
An animal with a large forebrain, and lateral line system, has some mineralization but is mostly made of cartilage, and is a carnivore would be considered a _
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Lobe fin
Actinopterygii
Chondrichthyes
An animal that is a basal tetrapod, metamorphosis, and lives in damp habitats is known as
Lobefins
Amphibians
Amniotes
Amphibians
The Amnion and Amniotic cavity with amniotic fluid does what for the embryo
gas exchange
is a source of nutrients
protects the embryo from mechanical shock
Collects waste
Protects the embryo from mechanical shock
What is the function of the allantois in embryonic development?
Collection of metabolic waste
Respiration of gas exchange
Protects the embryo from mechanical shock
1st and second choice
1st and third choice
All choices
What is the function of the allantois in embryonic development?
1st and second choice
Are snakes Tetrapods?
Yes
No
Yes
A dinosaur that is a herbivore and has more defense adaptations is considered a
Saurischians
Ornithischians
Theropods
Long-neck
Ornithischians
What classifies a Saurischians dinosaur
Fast moving
slow
long necks
herbivores
1st and 3rd options
none
1st and 3rd
The process of some dinosaurs evolving to have flight over time is an example of
Genetic drift
Metamorphosis
gene flow
bottleneck effect
Genetic drift
Theropod dinosaurs are:
hollow-boned, bipedal birds
Saurischians
Endothermic
extant dinosaurs
All of them
None
All of them
An animal with a skull with an opening behind each eye and differentiated teeth is a
Synapsid
reptile
amphibian
gnathostome
Synapsid
A lancelet is a suspension feeder that exhibits all four key-derived characters of a chordate
What Clade does the lancelet belong to?
Urochordata
Myxini
Cephalochordates
Dipnoi
Cephalochordates
Tunicates have soft, sac-like bodies. They are sessile filter feeders.
What clade do they belong to?
Urochordata
Myxini
Petromyzontidae
Monotremes
Urochordata
An animal that does not exhibit hinged jaws, but is a vertebrate, could be considered to be in either of what two clades?
Dipnoi, Petromyzontida
Cephalochordates, Myxini
Myxini, Petromyzontida
Eutherians, Actinistia
Myxini, Petromyzontida
A shark would be considered a Chondrichthyes due to its:
gills
jagged teeth
Sandpaper-like skin
Cartilaginous skeleton
Cartilaginous skeleton
An animal that is an aquatic gnathostome and is ray-finned would be considered a:
Actinopterygii
Dipnoi
Chondrichthyes
Actinistia
Actinopterygii
A Coelacanth was thought to be an extinct species of fish that had lobe fins until it was discovered to still be thriving in the Indian ocean.
What clade does it belong to?
Actinistia
Dipnoi
Amphibia
Myxini
Actinistia
A freshwater lobe fin that possesses both lungs and gills would be considered a:
Amphibian
Myxini
actinistia
Dipnoi
Dipnoi
Mammals evolved from _ ?
Synapsids
Reptiles
Apes
Fish
Synapsids
How do Monotremes give birth?
Live birth
Lay eggs
Lay eggs
This period gave rise to a large group of many now-extinct, soft-bodied organisms except for sponges and cnidarians.
Ediacaran Fauna
Cretaceous Era
Cambrian Explosion
Silurian
Ediacaran Fauna
The term Eumetazoa means…
Animals with hard exoskeletons
Animals that give live birth
Animals that don’t possess hinged jaws
Animals with true tissues
Animals with true tissues
An advantage of metamorphosis would be
Larvas have low mobility
Adults and larvae have different diets
Metamorphosis takes energy
Adults are less vulnerable than larvae
Adults and larvae have different diets
What does this image portray?
Actinistia (lobe-fin)
Dipnoi
Actinopterygii (ray-fin)
Caudal fin
Actinistia
What does this image portray?
reptile
amphibian
lobefin
cnidarian
Amphibian
Ectotherms differ from Endotherms in the fact that they gather warmth almost exclusively ____
From metabolism
By shivering
From outside sources
by actively moving
From outside sources
Choose the MOST correct answer
The extinction of most dinosaurs is an example of
Founder effect
Bottleneck effect
Gene flow
Speciation
Bottleneck effect
Note 
Flashcard (51)