Life 121 Exam 3

Unlike other animals, sponges __________.

* Lack true tissues and organs
* Lack a coelom
* are unicellular
* are bilateral
* possess cell walls

Lack true tissues

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Sponges diverged from the other animals early in their history

Sponges feed by ___

* filtering small particles from water
* absorbing nutrients from the guts of their hosts
* paralyzing small crustaceans with stinging cells
* scraping bacteria and algae from hard substrates
* performing photosynthesis

filtering small particles from water

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Sponges trap food from the water circulating through their porous bodies

Symmetry is one of the most basic characteristics of animals. The group that has a different symmetry from the other four groups listed here is the _____.

* jellies
* chordates
* mollusks
* arthropods
* annelids

jellies

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Individuals in the phylum Cnidaria represent an early branch of the animal kingdom. The other groups mentioned in this question exhibit bilateral symmetry, but jellies exhibit radial symmetry

All animals with bilateral symmetry have ___ germ layers

* 0
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

3

All bilaterally symmetrical animals have three germ layers

A ____ is a chordate but not a vertebrate

* lamprey
* lancelet
* frog
* shark
* sea star

lancelet

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Lancelets are cephalochordates and retain their notochord as adults

A lamprey, a shark, a lizard, and a rabbit share all of these characteristics except ____.

* pharyngeal slits in the embryo
* vertebrae
* a dorsal, hollow nerve cord
* hinged jaws
* all of the the choices are correct

hinged jaws

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The lamprey is jawless

Which set of animals only contain gnathostomes?

* rays, turtles, pigeons, and tuna
* sharks, hagfish, and whales
* hagfish, bass, sharks, and frogs
* lampreys, conodonts, and hagfish
* conodonts, placoderms, and acanthodians

rays, turtles, pigeons, and tuna

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Gnathostomes are diverse

The majority of animal species are___.

* acoelomates
* annelids
* nematodes
* vertebrates
* insects

insects

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In species diversity, insects outnumber all other forms of life combined

Which animal is an amphibian?

* caecilian
* lizard
* turtle
* all of these
* none

caecilian

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They are legless amphibians, often mistook for snakes.

The adaptation that freed vertebrates from water for reproduction and allowed them to radiate into diverse terrestrial environments was the ___.

* Placenta
* hair
* endoderm
* bony appendage
* amniotic egg

amniotic egg

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The amniotic egg allows for reproduction and development within a structure that provides moisture, food, waste storage, and gas exchange

All mammals

* bear live young
* complete their embryonic development in the uterus
* nourish their offspring through mammary glands
* All of them
* None

Nourish their offspring through mammary glands

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Mammary glands that produce milk are as distinctively mammalian as hair

The opossum is an example of a(n) _____ mammal

* oviparous
* marsupial
* eutherian
* placental
* monotreme

marsupial

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Opossums, like all marsupial mammals, keep their nursing young in an external pouch

All of the following are characteristics of the body cavity except……

* Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton in soft-bodied animals
* Forms the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians
* Cushions suspended organs, preventing internal injury
* A space lined by mesoderm in coelomates
* Allows internal organs to enlarge and move independently of outer body wall

Forms the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians

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Which of the following is a false statement concerning the cuticle/exoskeleton of the ecdysozoans?

* decreases H2O loss
* increases H2O loss
* Provides protection and support for the organism
* Made of chitin

Increases water loss

Which of the following is not associated with all arthropods

* Triploblastic
* Molting
* Bilateral symmetry
* wings
* cuticle with chitin

Wings

Which of the following is not a derived trait of a chordate?

* Post-anal tail
* Vertebral column
* Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
* Pharyngeal slits
* Notochord

Vertebral column

Why is Tiktaalik not classified as a tetrapod?

* It had a neck
* It had limbs without digits
* Molecular evidence demonstrates it is a lobe-fin
* It had lungs
* It had an aquatic life-style

It had limbs without digits

Which of the following is the largest extant (Living) dinosaur?

* Green anaconda
* Leatherback Sea turtle
* Saltwater Crocodile
* Ostrich

Ostrich

Which of the following is the least likely reason concerning the origin of feathers in dinos?

* To achieve flight
* To provide thermal regulation
* For display and mate selection

To achieve flight

There is evidence of Neanderthal ancestry in present-day Eurasian populations; providing evidence that as Homosapiens moved out of Africa and into Europe, there was admixing with Homoneanderthalensis

Which of the following is most correct?

* Reinforcement was the hybrid zone outcome
* Allelic variation in homo-sapiens decreased as a result
* Reproductive barriers were complete among the species
* Allopatric speciation drove the evolution of these two species

Allopatric speciation drove the evolution of these two species

The three Bilaterian clades are __________,__

* Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa
* Deuterostomia, Amphibia, Actinopterygii
* Chordates, Mammalia, Gnathostomes

* Deuterostomia
* Ecdysozoa
* Lophotrochozoa

What is Deuterostomia

Deuterostomia is a taxonomic group of animals, including echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates. They share a common embryonic development pattern where the first opening becomes the anus, and the second opening becomes the mouth.

echinoderms

A phylum of marine animals characterized by their radial symmetry, spiny skin, and water vascular system used for movement and respiration. Examples include starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.

A Starfish possess a ___ type of symmetry

* bilateral
* unilateral
* radial
* multilateral

radial

_, is a type of animal clade characterized by the presence of a lophophore ( a feeding structure). Examples are snails, clams, and some segmented worms

* Lophotrochozoa
* Gnathostomes
* Mammals
* Hexapods

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Lophotrochozoa

A snail has a feeding structure that is horseshoe-shaped and covered in cilia to help it catch particles of food.

What type of clade has this derived feature?

* Lophotrochozoa
* Cephalochordates
* Lobe-fin
* Urochordates

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Lophotrochozoa

All animals specified as ____ have a notochord; dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits; post-anal tail at least in the embryonic stage as derived traits

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Chordates

Urochordata

Porifera

Ctenophora

Chordates

Phylum of only invertebrate, comb-like cilia to help swim, radial, a simple nervous system, and is diploblastic

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Cnidaria

Ctenophora

Ecdysozoa

coelomates

Ctenophora

Phylum that has a simple body plan, radial symmetry, and a central digestive system is known as ___

Cnidaria

Gnathostome

Ctenophora

Lophotrochozoa

Cnidaria

Animals that are ____, are sessile (immobile)

* bilateral
* radial
* circular
* large

radial

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm

Ectoderm: Outer covering of the skin (epidermis), nervous system

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Mesoderm: Muscles, dermis, blood vessels, bone, other organs

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Endoderm: Lining of the digestive and respiratory tract, pancreas, liver

An animal has a body cavity with space between the digestive tract and the outer body wall, formed from the mesoderm

What type of cavity is it?

Coelomate

Triploblastic

Acoelomate

Radial

Coelomate

An animal has a cavity that is formed from the mesoderm and endoderm, fluid-filled separating the gut of the organism from the body wall

what type of cavity is it?

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Placenta

Acoelomate

Coelomate

Pseudocoelomate

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Pseudocoelomate

Segmented worms, such as an earthworm, is a(n)____, which is also known as a coelomate

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Mollusc

Annelid

Acoelomate

Deuterostome

Annelid

Animals are ___

Only Heterotrophs

Only Phototrophs

Only Diploblastic

Only Autotrophs

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Only Heterotrophs

During development, Echinoderm’s (starfish and urchins) and chordates’ first opening becomes the anus, and the mouth forms later.

What term would match this description?

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Metamorphosis

Deuterostomia

Bilateria

Arthropods

Deuterostomia

A phylum of invertebrates that are characterized by periodic molting of their exoskeleton, including arthropods, nematodes, and tardigrades

Gnathostomes

Ecdysozoa

Deuterostomes

Cephalochordates

Ecdysozoa

What would be a correct statement regarding how bugs got their wings?

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Acquisition of new genes

The need to fly to get away from predators

As a way of producing heat

Small changes in regulatory sequences over time

Small changes in regulatory sequences over time

Grasshoppers’ life stages include egg, nymph, and adult, which would classify their metamorphosis as ___

Complete

Ubiquitous

Incomplete

Incomplete

Flies’ life stages include egg, larva, pupa, and adult, which would classify their metamorphosis as ___

Complete

Ubiquitous

Incomplete

Complete

Chordates have huge differences in size and body mass. Despite their diversity, they all have shared derived traits that relate them all together

Which characteristics do Chordates possess?

* Bilaterally symmetrical
* Deuterostome
* notochord
* segmented bodies

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Trick question it’s ALL OF THEM

Notochord’s job is to

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* Provide firm yet flexible skeletal support
* forms the central nervous system
* help with suspension feeding
* Provide rigid structure

Provide firm yet flexible skeletal support

Lampreys, who are an example of the vertebrate Petromyzontida, are parasites of fish as adults and suspension feeders as larvae

What subphylum would Lampreys fall into

* Gnathostomes
* Jawless vertebrates
* Chondrichthyes

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Jawless vertebrates

Gnathostomes have hard, mineralized structures. __ are/is a shared derived character of Gnathostomes

* Jaws
* Hair
* Limbs
* Ribs

Jaws

There are two clades under the Gnathostome phylum. ( ) Which are cartilage fish, and ( ) which are bony fish

* Chondrichthyes, osteichthyes
* Amphibians, Osteichthyes
* Tetrapods, Lobefins
* Chondrichthyes, gnathostomes

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Chondrichthyes, osteichthyes

A fish has rod-shaped bones surrounded by a thick layer of muscle in its fins.

What term would match this characteristic?

* Actinopterygii
* Osteichthyes
* Lobe fin
* Tiktaalik

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Lobe fins

An animal with a large forebrain, and lateral line system, has some mineralization but is mostly made of cartilage, and is a carnivore would be considered a _

* Chondrichthyes
* Osteichthyes
* Lobe fin
* Actinopterygii

Chondrichthyes

An animal that is a basal tetrapod, metamorphosis, and lives in damp habitats is known as

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* Lobefins
* Amphibians
* Amniotes

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Amphibians

The Amnion and Amniotic cavity with amniotic fluid does what for the embryo

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* gas exchange
* is a source of nutrients
* protects the embryo from mechanical shock
* Collects waste

Protects the embryo from mechanical shock

What is the function of the allantois in embryonic development?

Collection of metabolic waste

Respiration of gas exchange

Protects the embryo from mechanical shock

1st and second choice

1st and third choice

All choices

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What is the function of the allantois in embryonic development?

1st and second choice

Are snakes Tetrapods?

Yes

No

Yes

A dinosaur that is a herbivore and has more defense adaptations is considered a

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Saurischians

Ornithischians

Theropods

Long-neck

Ornithischians

What classifies a Saurischians dinosaur

* Fast moving
* slow
* long necks
* herbivores
* 1st and 3rd options
* none

1st and 3rd

The process of some dinosaurs evolving to have flight over time is an example of

* Genetic drift
* Metamorphosis
* gene flow
* bottleneck effect

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Genetic drift

Theropod dinosaurs are:

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* hollow-boned, bipedal birds
* Saurischians
* Endothermic
* extant dinosaurs
* All of them
* None

All of them

An animal with a skull with an opening behind each eye and differentiated teeth is a

* Synapsid
* reptile
* amphibian
* gnathostome

Synapsid

A lancelet is a suspension feeder that exhibits all four key-derived characters of a chordate

What Clade does the lancelet belong to?

* Urochordata
* Myxini
* Cephalochordates
* Dipnoi

Cephalochordates

Tunicates have soft, sac-like bodies. They are sessile filter feeders.

What clade do they belong to?

* Urochordata
* Myxini
* Petromyzontidae
* Monotremes

Urochordata

An animal that does not exhibit hinged jaws, but is a vertebrate, could be considered to be in either of what two clades?

* Dipnoi, Petromyzontida
* Cephalochordates, Myxini
* Myxini, Petromyzontida
* Eutherians, Actinistia

Myxini, Petromyzontida

A shark would be considered a Chondrichthyes due to its:

* gills
* jagged teeth
* Sandpaper-like skin
* Cartilaginous skeleton

Cartilaginous skeleton

An animal that is an aquatic gnathostome and is ray-finned would be considered a:

* Actinopterygii
* Dipnoi
* Chondrichthyes
* Actinistia

Actinopterygii

A Coelacanth was thought to be an extinct species of fish that had lobe fins until it was discovered to still be thriving in the Indian ocean.

What clade does it belong to?

* Actinistia
* Dipnoi
* Amphibia
* Myxini

Actinistia

A freshwater lobe fin that possesses both lungs and gills would be considered a:

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Amphibian

Myxini

actinistia

Dipnoi

Dipnoi

Mammals evolved from _ ?

* Synapsids
* Reptiles
* Apes
* Fish

Synapsids

How do Monotremes give birth?

* Live birth
* Lay eggs

Lay eggs

This period gave rise to a large group of many now-extinct, soft-bodied organisms except for sponges and cnidarians.

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* Ediacaran Fauna
* Cretaceous Era
* Cambrian Explosion
* Silurian

Ediacaran Fauna

The term Eumetazoa means…

* Animals with hard exoskeletons
* Animals that give live birth
* Animals that don’t possess hinged jaws
* Animals with true tissues

Animals with true tissues

An advantage of metamorphosis would be

* Larvas have low mobility
* Adults and larvae have different diets
* Metamorphosis takes energy
* Adults are less vulnerable than larvae

Adults and larvae have different diets

What does this image portray?

* Actinistia (lobe-fin)
* Dipnoi
* Actinopterygii (ray-fin)
* Caudal fin

Actinistia

What does this image portray?

* reptile
* amphibian
* lobefin
* cnidarian

Amphibian

Ectotherms differ from Endotherms in the fact that they gather warmth almost exclusively ____

* From metabolism
* By shivering
* From outside sources
* by actively moving

From outside sources

Choose the MOST correct answer

The extinction of most dinosaurs is an example of

* Founder effect
* Bottleneck effect
* Gene flow
* Speciation

Bottleneck effect