STI (doc mora micropara)

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Sexually Transmitted Disease

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Increasing worldwide incidence

Common causative agents include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi


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  • Gonorrhea

  • Syphillis

  • Chancroid

  • Genital Herpes

  • HIV

  • HPV

  • Trichomoniasis

  • Pubic Lice

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Example of STI

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77 Terms

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Sexually Transmitted Disease

Increasing worldwide incidence

Common causative agents include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi


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  • Gonorrhea

  • Syphillis

  • Chancroid

  • Genital Herpes

  • HIV

  • HPV

  • Trichomoniasis

  • Pubic Lice

Example of STI

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  • unprotected sex

  • Multiple partners

  • Rape

  • Blood Transfusion

  • Inadequate screening

What are the risk factors in STI

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  • Unprotected sex (oral, vaginal, anal)

  • Skin to skin contact with genital area

  • Blood transfusion

  • Perinatal transmission thru transplacental transferor

  • Vertical transmission

Mode of transmission of STI

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  • Neiserria Gonorrhea

  • Haemophilus ducreyi

  • Treponema Pallidum

  • Chlamydia trachomatis

Examples of bacteria in STI:

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  • HIV

  • Herpes Simplex virus

  • Human papillomavirus

  • Hepatitis viruses

  • Zika virus

Examples of Virals in STI:

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Candida Albicans

Example of Fungal:

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Trichomonas Vaginalis

An example of Protozoa in STI

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Phthirus pubis

An example of Parasite in STI:

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Neisseria Gonorrhea

This bacteria is responsible for Gonorrhea Disease

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Haemophilus Duceyri

Responsible for Chancroid Disease

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Treponema pallidum

Responsible for Syphillis

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Responsible for Lymphogranuloma venerum disease

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HIV

Responsible for AIDS

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Herpes Simplex Virus

Responsible for Genital/Perianal Herpes Disease

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Human Papillomavirus

Is responsible for Condylomata acuminata disease

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Hepatitis Viruses

Responsible for Hepatitis

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Zika Virus

Responsible for Zika fever

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Candida albicans

Is responsible for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

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Darfield microscopy

Used in diagnosing syphilis

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Responsible for Trichomoniasis Disease

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Phthirus Pubis

Responsible for Pediculusis Pubis Disease

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Serology

Used in diagnosing VDRL-RPR and FTA—ABS.

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Papanicolao smear

Used in diagnosing HPV

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Virus isolation and PCR

Used in diagnosing Herpes and HIV

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Tzank smear

This diagnosing technique’s positive test is Gian Cell Formation wherein is also called as the Cowdry type A inclusion.

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Benzathine Penicillin

Treatment for Syphillis

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Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline

Treatment for Gonorrhea

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Acyclovir

Treatment for Herpes

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Warts removal , Vaccines

Treatment for HPV

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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAAART)

Treatment for HIV

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  • Condoms and safe sex

  • Avoid sharing needles/razor

  • Vaccination (HPV, Hepatitis B)

  • Public education

Prevention and control in STI

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  • Chancre

  • Chancroid

  • Genital Herpes

Ulcerative Lessions Manifestation:

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Chancre

  • First Syphillitic lesion

  • Painless

  • Hard Papule

  • Well delineated ulcer

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Chancroid

Is a painful ulcer with ragged edges

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Genital Herpes

Starts as Vesicles (fluid-filled lession) after it ruptures then It is called as ULCER.

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Rashes

  • 2nd syphilitic lesion (macular, papular, or pustular in palms and soles)

  • Other disease associated: Gonorrhea and Candidiasis

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Warty Lessions

  • Characteristic of Condylomata Acuminata and Molluscum Contagiosum.

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Condylomata Latum

painless, wart-like lession

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Vaginal Discharge

Accompanied by dysuria, dyspareunia and vulvar irritation

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T. Vaginalis

Responsible for thin, foamy, foul smelling discharge

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N. Gonorrhea

Responsible for greenish, purulent discharge

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C. Albicans

Responsible for thick, cheesy exudates (milk curd like appearance) diascharge

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Syphillis

  • Third most common sexually transmitted disease

  • Caused by T.pallidum, spirochete with fine regular coils with tapered ends.

  • Strict human pathogens and sensitive organs

  • Cannot be grown in cell-free culture medium.

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Primary syphillis

  • Highly infectious stage;  (+) isolates on ulcers

  • 1st lesion, chancre, CNS involvement

  • Ulcer spontaneously heals but continues to disseminate to blood and lymphatics - 2* syphilis

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Secondary Syphillis

flu-like symptoms, lymphadenopathy, generalized mucocutaneus rash (condyloma latum- highly contagious)

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Latent Syphyllis

  • Clinically inactive phase or asymptomatic

  • May reactivate to 2* or 3* syphilis

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Tertiary (late) syphillis

Granulomatous skin lesion (Gummas) in bones and tissues; Aortic aneurysm; Neurosyphilis

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Early Congenital Syphillis

  • Right after birth

  • Snuffles, rash, Condylomata and hepatosplenomegaly

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Late Congenital Syphillis

8th nerve deafness w/ bone and teeth deformities (e.g. saddle nose, saber shins, Hutchington’s teeth and Mulberry or Moon’s molars)

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Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

  • is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the invasive serovars L1, L2, L2a, L2b, or L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis.

  • 2 forms: Elementary Bodies and Reticulate Bodies

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Non-gonoccocal urethritis, cervicitis, PID

Serotypes D to K of LGV

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Chlamydia Trachomatis

what intracellular bacteria is responsible for Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)( is primarily an infection of lymphatics and lymph nodes. )

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L1

Less common than L2, associated with classic LGV

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L2

Most prevalent serotype globally, includes several variants (L2a, L2b, L2c)

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L2b

Particularly notable for causing proctitis outbreaks among men who have sex with men

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Urogenital Tract Infections

  • Asymptomatic> symptomatic > inflammation

  • Bacteria : E. Colli

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LGV 1st lesion

Papila or ulcer (small, painless and heals rapidly)

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LGV 2nd lesion

Enlarged lymph nodes [painful(buboes) and ruptures (draining fistula)]

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Haemophilus Duceyri

  • gram-negative coccobacillus

  • Responsible for Chancroid disease

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Blood-loving

Haemophilus means

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HSV type 2

Is responsible for Genital Herpes.

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HSV Type 2

A type of HSV for Genital Herpes

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HSV Type 1

A type of HSV for Herpes Labialis

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HSV type 1 or 2

A type of HSV for neonatal herpes

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Primary Syphillis

  • Treponema palladium

  • 10-90 incubation days

  • Slightly tender pop that ulcerates over one to several weeks

  • Darfield exam of exudate from Chancre;serologic tests

  • Secondary syphilis with mucocutaneous lessions

Treatment

  • Benzathine penicillin G

  • Doxycycline (if allergic to penicillin)

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Genital Herpes

  • herpes simplex virus

  • 2 to 7 incubation days

  • Marked pain in genital area: Papules in 3-6 days; fever, headache, malaise and inguinal adenopathy

  • Virus culture of cells and fluid from Chancre nucleic acid amplification tests

  • Recurrent genital herpes

Treatment

  • Acyclovir

  • Famicyclovir

  • Valacyclovir

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Chancroid

  • Haemophilus ducreyi

  • 3-5 incubation days

  • Tender papule that ulcerated

  • Culture in at least two kinds of enrich media with vancomycin

  • Inguinal Bubo

Treatments

  • Ceftriaxone

  • Azithromycin

  • Erythromycin

  • Ciproflaxin

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Condylomata Papillomavirus

  • These warts typically appear in the genital or anal area, and while usually benign, they can cause itching, burning, or discomfort.

  • It’s classic HPV types are 6 and 11

  • “Genital Warts”

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HPV 16 and 18

Types of HPV under condylomata accuminata that is capable of transforming into malignancy associated with cervical and penile cancer.

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Envelope glycoprotein (gp120)

This binds to the CD4 receptor

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Envelope glycoprotein (gp41)

This facilitates absorption

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1-10 years

How many incubation period of AIDS

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Flu-like symptoms, chronic diarrhea, generalized lymphadenopathy

Initial symptoms of AIDS:

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Hairy cell oral leukoplakia

  • a condition triggered by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBP).

  • It happens most often in people whose immune systems are very weak.

  • It is most often seen in people with HIV.

  • The condition causes white patches on the tongue.

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Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Hallmark of AIDS (especially in early stages)

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Pneumocystis Jirovecii

A soft tissue cancer, mostly effects are pneumonias