HIST EXAM 2

ID TERMS AND SOME EXTRAS

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Bans immigration from China completely, Denies citizenship to ALL Chinese immigrants and to anyone born in the US with Chinese heritage, lasted 10 years

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):

Wong Kim Ark

Birthright citizenship: Wong Kim Ark was born in San Fran and grew up with parents who returned to China. Wong Kim Ark visited them, but when he returned to San Fran, he wasn’t allowed to go back because he was Chinese. Supreme Court ruled that he is a citizen through the 14th Amendment.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):

Yick Wo vs. Hopkins (1886)

Many Chinese were involved in the laundry industry

All laundry buildings that were made out of wood needed a permit, but the ones made out of brick did not

To function they needed a permit, but many were denied; only white people could get a permit

Yick Wo took the case to the Supreme Court, and they said it was a violation of Chinese rights to own and run a business

Due to this states were banned from discriminating against people on the basis of race in how laws were written and enforced

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):

Immigration Act of 1924

The number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States was limited through a national origins quota. The immigration of southern and eastern Europeans and Asians was restricted. The primary purpose was to preserve the existing demographic of the US and to protect the interests of dominant ethnic groups at that time.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):

Nativism

The belief in protecting the interests of native-born individuals over those of immigrants.

Good immigrants and bad immigrants, polish immigrants would say we are white at least we aren’t Chinese.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):

Los Angeles Massacre 1871

Also known as the Chinese Massacre. A mob of about 500 white and Hispanic residents attacked the city’s Chinatown, primarily targeting Chinese immigrants. The violence occurred because of racial tensions, economic competition, and anti-Chinese sentiment. Highlighted widespread racism and discrimination faced by Chinese immigrants in the US.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):

Page Act 1875

The first US federal law to restrict immigration based on nationality or race targeted Chinese women (suspected of being prostitutes). Prohibited the entry of “undesirable” immigrants, contract laborers, and convicted criminals. The less women occupying the country the more Asian men wanted to leave and return home.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):

Burlingame Treaty 1868

An agreement between the US and China promoting friendly relations, trade, and immigration. It affirmed equality between citizens of both nations, recognized Chinese immigrants’ rights in the US, and encouraged commerce. Subsequent discriminatory laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act limited its impact on Chinese immigration.

Imperialism

The Practice of extending influence and power outside of the borders of your own country and extracting things from it. Economic and foreign policy

Imperialism:

Assimilation/Civilizing Mission

adopting the culture of the dominant society

Imperialism:

Spanish American War 1898

The Cuban struggle for independence from Spanish rule sparked it. The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor heightened tensions. The US won the war, resulting in Spain ceding control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The conflict marked the US’s emergence as a global military power and significantly impacted American foreign policy.

Imperialism:

Anti-Imperialism

Many opposed American imperialism, like Mark Twain and Andrew Carnegie; they argued that it contradicted democratic principles and moral values. The Anti-imperialist League formed and actively campaigned against US expansionism and advocated for the independence of colonized territories. This thinking influenced debates on American foreign policy, particularly regarding imperialism, interventionism, and self-determination

Progressivism

Political ideology focuses on improving society through reforms promoting equality, justice, and opportunity.

Progressivism:

Suffrage-19th amendment

Had a lot of support in the progressive movement. The 19th Amendment’s women’s right to vote.

Progressivism:
Prohibition

The average American drinks 6 gallons of liquor a year.

Anti-Saloon League and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union: opposed to Alcohol, most immigrants were coming from places that drank a lot, like Poland and Russia. Carrie Nation was a prominent American temperance advocate known for her radical tactics, including smashing saloons with a hatchet, in her campaign against alcohol consumption.

Progressivism:

Teddy Roosevelt

One of the most important environmentalist presidents

Played a big part in creating National Parks, and preserves beautiful landscapes.

Trust-busting refers to government efforts to break up or regulate large corporations, particularly monopolies, to promote fair competition and prevent abuses of economic power.

Progressivism:

Woodrow Wilson

He led the US through WWI and played a key role in creating the League of Nations, an organization that promotes peace and prevents future conflicts.

Implemented progressive reforms domestically, established the Federal Reserve System, and signed legislation such as the Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act.

Progressivism:

Jane Addams

Founded Settlement Housing

Community centers built in an immigrant neighborhood

supplied all kinds of assistance to immigrants and offered social services, education, and cultural enrichment.

almost always women, and they were the majority of the staff.

Hull house was one of the most notable ones located in Chicago.

Aim to bridge the socioeconomic divide and promote community integration through various programs and activities.

The 20s:

Flappers/”new woman”

Single women are more common and moving into the workforce

Flappers (a kind of dancer) became a thing

women have a boy cut, wore makeup, and are showing leg (this was all very scandalous at the time

The 20s:

Consumerism

Surged due to increased industrialization, urbanization, and prosperity, leading to a culture of mass consumption and materialism.

This era saw a rise of new consumer products, advertising techniques, and purchasing on credit, reflecting a shift towards a more modern consumer-oriented society

The 20s:

Harlem Renaissance

Poets and writers came out of this era, Langston Hughes (American poet and social activist), Louis Armstrong (American trumpeter and vocalist), jazz, and argued for pride in blackness and African American flappers

The 20s:

KKK

2nd version of the Klan

dedicated to rolling change back

force against modernity

they don’t like flappers, immigrants, Catholics, Jews

embodiment over a lot of the anxiety of change

anti-modern group

evolution debate is not about evolution but about change

a big explosion in membership

The 20s:

Greenfield Village

Created by Henry Ford who had a deep nostalgia for the past

recreated 19th century village, no cars allowed, see how life used to be before industrialism

ironic because Ford is the reason for the creation of cars-

The new Deal

Roosevelt created the New Deal

Five agendas: to relive immediate suffering

people are starving to death: vitamin deficiences, scurvy, and rickets; hungry people= are angry, and scared, asking questions about why and who is responsible, and hungry people can become communists or fascists.

Save banks, increase money supply: banks are collapsing, increase the money supply

jumpstart industry: factories working, no longer making cars got to get factories to start working again

Address the agricultural crisis: save farmers; a lot of the new deal is agricultural

“Make work” programs to restore morale: boost morale and get over fear, and “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

Herbert Hoover

blamed for everyone else’s problems, blamed for the depression, even though it wasn’t his fault.

wasn’t up to the task

organized relief for Belgians

was an engineer

one of the most qualified people for president on paper

Hooverville= town of shacks people lived in because they couldn’t afford houses due to the depression

initial response to depression was to let it ride out in hopes it would die out.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

Provides loans to businesses and banks to help assist them

federal construction projects would stimulate the economy (stadiums, airports, dams)

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)

gave money to people

prove that you were dirt poor and supply labor = govt will give you money

give you a grant

relieve you of immediate suffering

they empty the budget twice

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

made up of government, labor unions, business owners

highly encouraged people to join

“We do our part.”

negotiate with each other over all the things that used to cause strikes

work together to set prices and wages

work together with a minimum of strife

labor workers thought business owners had too much power

business owners thought labor union and govt had too much power

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

addresses the problem of overproduction

the government paid you not to farm (helps with scarcity issues)

less food = prices go up, farmers wanted the price to go up

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

environmental groups

chances are CCC built the trails you walk on in GA and other parks around the world

you would get 25 dollars a week and send 20 back to your family and keep 5 for yourself

you were given a place to live

Public Works Administration (PWA)

built dams- provided a lot of jobs, symbol of success and pride for americans

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

replaced FERA in 1935

does everything:

roads, airports, building

employed out-of-work artists to paint murals

employed unemployed historians

fine art building at uga mural was painted during the great depression by the WPA

Baldwin, LeConte, fine arts, park hall were built during the new deal most likely by the WPA

Tennessee Valley Authority Act (TVA)

Dam building program

asked to tackle important problems facing the valley like flooding, providing electricity to homes and businesses and replanting foresets

Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)

Managed stock markets

Wagner Act of 1935

Government guaranteeing people the right to organize a union