CompTIA A+ 220-1101 Flashcards

A collection of flashcards with key terms and their definitions related to CompTIA A+ 220-1101.

AAA

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting; used in network security to manage user identification, access rights, and activity tracking.

AC

Alternating Current; the form of electric power used in homes and offices.

ACL

Access Control List; used on routers and firewalls to control which traffic can access parts of a network.

ADF

Automatic Document Feeder

AES

encrypts data/ protect storage during transmission.

AP

Access Point; provides wireless access to a network.

APFS

Apple File System

APIPA

assigns a 169.254.x.x address when a device cannot get an IP from a DHCP server.

APK

files used to install apps on Android devices.

ARM

Advanced RISC Machine; a CPU architecture used in mobile devices for energy efficiency.

ARP

resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses in local networks.

ATA

Advanced Technology Attachment; connects storage devices like HDDs and SSDs to the motherboard.

ATM

a network technology used for real-time voice and video transmission.

ATX

Advanced Technology Extended; a common motherboard and power supply form factor for desktops.

AUP

Acceptable Use Policy; defines acceptable use of an organization's resources.

BIOS

Basic Input/Output System; initializes hardware at startup and begins the boot process.

BSOD

Blue Screen of Death: a Windows error screen indicating a critical system failure.

BYOD

Bring Your Own Device; allows employees to use personal devices for work purposes.

CAD

Computer-aided Design; software used by engineers to create technical drawings.

CAPTCHA

used to verify users are human.

CD

Compact Disc; stores data, music, or software.

CDFS

Compact Disc File System; allows operating systems to read CD-ROMs.

CDMA

Code-Division Multiple Access; a mobile communication standard.

CERT

Computer Emergency Response Team; responds to cybersecurity incidents.

CIFS

Common Internet File System; used to share files across networks.

CMD

Command Prompt; a Windows command-line interface.

CMOS

stores BIOS settings.

CPU

Central Processing Unit; performs processing tasks in a computer.

CRL

Certificate Revocation List; lists digital certificates that have been revoked.

DC

Direct Current; used to power internal computer components.

DDoS

Distributed Denial of Service; a cyberattack that floods a service with traffic.

DDR

a type of RAM that transfers data on both clock edges.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; automatically assigns IP addresses to devices.

DIMM

Dual Inline Memory Module same as ram

DKIM

DomainKeys Identified Mail; verifies that an email message was not altered.

DMA

Direct Memory Access; allows devices to access system memory independently.

DMARC

authenticates email to prevent spoofing.

DNS

Domain Name System; translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

DoS

Denial of Service; attacks that crash systems by overwhelming them.

DRAM

Dynamic Random-Access Memory; a common type of volatile memory.

DRM

Digital Rights Management

DSL

Digital Subscriber Line; internet service delivered via telephone lines.

DVI

Digital video Interface: connects video sources to displays.

DVI-D

Digital Visual Interface-Digital; carries only digital signals.

ECC

Error Correcting Code; detects and corrects internal data corruption.

EFS

Encrypting File System; encrypts files and folders in Windows.

EMI

Electromagnetic Interference

EOL

End-of-Life

eSATA

External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment; connects external storage devices.

ESD

the sudden flow of electricity between objects.

EULA

End-User License Agreement

exFAT

Extensible File Allocation Table; a file system optimized for flash drives.

ext

used by Linux-based operating systems.

FAT

File Allocation Table; an older file system still in use.

FAT12

12-bit File Allocation Table; used for very small volumes.

FAT16

16-bit File Allocation Table; for small hard drives and early Windows systems.

FAT32

32-bit File Allocation Table; supports larger volumes and is widely compatible.

FSB

Front-Side Bus; connects the CPU to system memory.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

GFS

a backup strategy with different backup frequencies.

GPS

provides location information using satellites.

GPT

manages partition tables on modern storage devices.

GPU

Graphics Processing Unit; handles image rendering for computers.

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communications; a mobile network standard.

GUI

Graphical User Interface

GUID

uniquely identifies files or software components.

HAL

Hardware Abstraction Layer; standardizes interactions between OS and hardware.

HAV

Hardware-assisted Virtualization; enhances performance in virtual environments.

HCL

Hardware Compatibility List; verifies hardware support for operating systems.

HDCP

protects digital media during transmission.

HDD

Hard Disk Drive; used for long-term data storage.

HDMI

transmits high-quality audio and video.

HSM

Hardware Security Module; manages and protects digital keys.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language; structures content on web pages.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol; protocol used to access websites.

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

I/O

Input/Output; refers to data transfers between the system and peripherals.

IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service; provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.

ICR

Intelligent Character Recognition; improves reading of handwritten text over OCR

IDE

Integrated Drive Electronics; a standard for connecting storage devices.

IDS

Intrusion Detection System

IEEE

sets global standards.

IMAP

Internet Mail Access Protocol; retrieves email while keeping it on the server.

IOPS

measures the speed of storage devices.

IoT

Internet of Things

IP

Internet Protocol; method for sending data across networks.

IPS

Intrusion Prevention System; actively blocks detected network threats.

IPS

In-plane Switching; LCD technology with better color and viewing angles.

IPSec

Internet Protocol Security; encrypts data at the IP level.

IR

Infrared; used for remote controls and short-range communication.

IrDA

Infrared Data Association; defines standards for infrared communication.

IRP

Incident Response Plan; outlines steps to respond to cyber incidents.

International Organization for Standardization; develops and publishes standards.

ISO

ISP

Internet Service Provider; provides internet access.

ITX

Information Technology eXtended; refers to compact motherboard form factors.

KB

Knowledge Base; collections of information for troubleshooting.

KVM

Keyboard-Video-Mouse; allows a single console to control multiple computers.

LAN

Local Area Network

LC

Lucent Connector; a small fiber optic connector used in networks.

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display; common in monitors and TVs.