greek final exam terms + matching

apotropaic

an object or image used to ward off evil

ex: front facing or large central figures

attribute

an object (held or worn) that signifies a certain mythological character

ex: artemis as potnia theron

cella

central area in a temple with the cult statue

pronaos

front porch of a temple, entry to cella

opistodomos

rear room of temple; can be used as treasury or storage

treasury

a smaller temple-like building or a part of a temple used to store votive offerings

caryatid

columns shaped like women/korai

peplos

wool garment belted around the waist

chiton

linen garment pinned at the shoulders

drachma

currency

stoa

roofed, long building with columns and an open front used for storage, gathering spots/shelter, commercial area, display sites

chryselephantine

an object made with gold and ivory

theatron

an audience area; can be built into the hillside

ikaria

wooden seating benches

prohedria

stone seats in the front row reserved for elites

orchestra

performance area in the center

stele

grave marker/flat engraved stone with relief and/or painted decoration

lekythos

oil flask

loutrophoros

ceremonial bathing vessel

Pericles

lived from 494-429; created a building program on the Akropolis to rebuild Athens

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contrapposto pose

a stance which causes the body to shift its weight and slant, creating an S-shape in the spine and symmetry in composition

ex: kritos boy

lost wax technique

a technique used to create a mold of an object. when fired, the wax disappears

ex: Piraeus Apollo

black figure pottery

pottery technique where the figures are painted black and the background is painted red

ex: neck amphora by Exekias, 540 bce

John Beazley

a scholar who distinguished certain artists and created an online archive attributing pottery to certain people

-came up with way of making pottery and styles

red figure pottery

pottery technique where the figures are painted red and the background is painted black

ex: red figure vase showing Death and Sleep w/ Sarpedon by Euphronios

symposion

drinking parties

ex: depicted by the brygos painter on kylikes

bilingual pottery

one side is painted using rfp and the other is bfp

ex: bilingual vase depicting ajax and achilles by the Andokides painter

severe style

emotionless expression

ex: dying warrior on temple of aphaia 480-470 bce

Polykleitos

famous bronze sculptor who perfected contrapposto

-from argos and worked from 450-410 bce; we do not have any of his originals

Polygnotos

an artist known for his wall paintings and new developments in painting

ex: created the Ilioupersis and the Nikyia

Pheidias

head architect for the periclean program

ex: created the chryselephantine statue of zeus 435-430 bce

Iktinos

architect during the high classical period

ex: designed the temple of apollo epikourios and the parthenon

Propylaia

the monumental gateway to the acropolis created by Mnesikles

-we can tell it was unfinished because of the rough hook-like surfaces used for lifting bosses

temple of Athena Nike

the small temple positioned on an old mycenaen bastion south of the propylaia dedicated to athena nike

-it was created by kallikrates and constructed from 435-420 bce

Erechtheoin

a temple created by Mnesikles dedicated to four people: athena polias, poseidon, hephaestus, and erechtheus

-created from 421-406 bce

earl of elgin

Thomas Bruce; took a large portion of the parthenon including half of the frieze, pediment fragments, metopes, and more

-has caused a lot of repatriation issues

kore

female grave marker

ex: peplos kore 540-530 bce

kouros

male grave marker

ex: new york kouros 600 bce