Perceptual Systems and Visual Perceptual Processes

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17 Terms

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top-down processing

processing that uses pre-existing knowledge to interpret incoming sensory stimuli

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bottom-up processing

processing that interprets stimuli as raw sensory input before connecting it to any pre-existing knowledge

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schema

mental frameworks or models that organize known information

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perceptual set

the tendency for people to perceive only some stimuli but not others (new information must fit into existing frameworks)

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Gestalt psychology

a field of psychology that studies the tendency for people to perceive things in groups

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selective attention

the ability to only focus on one task or sensory stimulus at a time

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inattentional blindness

the phenomenon of failing to notice otherwise obvious stimuli when attention is directed elsewhere

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depth perception

the ability to see the world in three dimensions and perceive the distance between things

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retinal disparity

the slight difference in the images that each eye perceives

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convergence

the process by which the brain merge simages from each eye into a singular image, requiring the eyes to move inwards when looking at something closer to the viewer

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linear perspective

the phenomenon that causes parallel lines to appear to meet at a singular point in the distance

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interposition

the partial obstruction of one object by another, making the obstructed object appear further away

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relative size

the phenomenon that causes smaller objects to seem further away than large objects

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relative clarity

the phenomenon that causes blurry objects to appear further away than objects that are more detailed

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texture gradient

the principle that the texture of a surface appears less detailed the further away it is

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perceptual constancy

the ability to perceive objects as unchanging despite environmental changes that alter the perceived color, size, shape or lightness of the object

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stroboscopic movement

the movement of a series of pictures at a fast enough rate that they are perceived as moving objects rather than individual images