Chapter 3 - Eighth Grade American History S - Review Guide

What is a guerrilla?

A military fighter who uses hit-and-run tactics against an enemy.

What is a siege?

Military tactic in which an enemy is surrounded, and all supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender.

What is cavalry?

Soldiers on horseback.

What does it mean to ratify?

Sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid.

What is the preamble?

An introduction to a declaration, constitution, or other official document.

What are natural rights?

Rights inherent in human beings from birth, not dependent on governments.

What is a traitor?

A person who betrays his or her country.

What is a mercenary?

A hired soldier, usually from a foreign country.

What are unalienable rights?

Rights that cannot be taken away: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

What is a blockade?

An act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving.

What were minutemen?

Men trained and ready to fight the British in a minute's warning.

What was a Patriot?

A colonist who opposed British rule.

What is a militia?

A force made up of civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army.

What is civil disobedience?

The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

What was a loyalist?

Someone who was still loyal to Great Britain but lived in the colonies.

What does it mean to repeal something?

To cancel or revoke a law by a legislative act.

What was a Writ of Assistance used for?

To search colonists' property without giving a reason for smuggled goods.

What is a boycott?

To reject/refuse something to buy or participate.

What was the Committee of Correspondence?

These committees wrote letters to one another, that told about what was happening in their town and colony. Samuel Adams organized the first C. of C.

What is a petition?

A formal written request to a government.

What is an ally?

A country that helps another reach a common goal.

What were the French and Indian War?

War between Great Britain and France that lasted from 1754-1763. The was led to the end of French power in North America.

What was the Albany Plan?

A plan written by Ben Franklin to try to get the colonies to work together- didn't work.

What was the Treaty of Paris, 1763?

Treaty ending the French and Indian War.

Who made the greatest contribution toward an American victory at the Battle of Yorktown?

Aid of the French Fleet.

What issue was shared by Friedrich von Steuben, Thaddeus Kosciusko, and the Marquis de Lafayette?

They all came to America from Europe to help the Americans' cause.

During the American Revolutionary War, most Native Americans favored what side?

The British

Who introduce the Virginia Resolution (Proclaiming America's independence) to the Second Continental Congress?

Richard Henry Lee

What country was the first country to recognize the existence of the United States and became our ally against Great Britain?

France

What the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence?

Declare the separation of the United States from Great Britain.

Following the American Revolutionary War, what happened to the property of the Loyalists?

Most of the property of the Loyalists was confiscated and never returned to its original owners.

What military commander became a traitor during the American Revolution?

Benedict Arnold

How did Francis Marion and his soldiers fight against the British during the American Revolutionary War?

They used guerrilla warfare tactics.

How did Americans react to conditions at Valley Forge during the American Revolutionary War?

Food and supplies were collected and sent to Valley Forge.

Who did George Washington's soldiers defeat at Trenton?

German Mercenaries (Hessian Troops) who were fighting for the British.

What is important about the Battle of Saratoga?

The Patriot win at Saratoga showed European countries that the colonists could defeat the British.

Why was the "The Crisis" written by Thomas Paine?

It was written with the hope of raising the morale of the Patriot soldiers.

What important document was written by Thomas Jefferson?

The Declaration of Independence

Where was it decided that George Washington would become the commander of the Continental Army?

The Second Continental Congress

Who fired the first shot at the Battle of Lexington and Concord?

It is unknown.

It is stated In the Proclamation of 1763 that colonial settlers could not settle west of what geographic feature?

The crest of the Appalachian Mountains

In the early days of the American Revolutionary War, who captured Fort Ticonderoga?

Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys

Who were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?

Colonial anti-British protestors who boycotted British goods and used local products.

What was the Committees of Correspondence?

Local group who shared political and military information about the actions of the British.

Why the American colonists resent the Stamp Tax?

The believed that the British government should not have the power to tax them.

When did the American colonists begin to see themselves as separate from Britain?

After the conclusion of the Frech and Indian War.

The French and Indian War came to an end after the fall of what city in French Canada?

Quebec

Why was the Albany Plan of Union rejected?

The colonies didn't want to give up individual powers.

Why did the Iroquois at Albany refuse to make an alliance against the French?

The Iroquois expected the French to defeat the British.

How did the French and Indian War begin?

British settlers pushed westward into the Ohio River Valley, an area already claimed by France.