test and quizzes from Biomolecules/ biochemical reactions

what are the building blocks of enzymes

amino acids

enzymes act as catalysts. as a catalyst, what is their major function

lower activation energy

why are the enzymes required for biochemical reactions

what feature of the enzyme is the most important

shape

where in the enzyme would nonpolar part of the enzyme be found

inside (of blob)

what is the reaction called in enzyme chemistry

substrate

the place on the enzyme where the reaction takes place is called what

active site

where one specific reactant reacts to one specific enzyme is called what

combining 2 reaction to make Gibb’s free energy negative is called what

what molecule supplies additional energy for enzyme reactions

ATP

what is hydrolysis

how we get energy from breaking phosphohydride bond on ATP

what mechanism is used in bio reaction to control the rate of reaction

what is the rate determining step in a multiple step bio-reaction

rate limiting step

where 2 reactions compete for an active site is called what

a regulating molecule that changes the shape of the enzyme is called what

coenzyme

isolating enzymes to control them is called what

compartmentalizing

keeping cells regulated to meet current demands is called what

homeostasis

describer the size of an enzyme compared to the substrate

enzyme is much bigger than the small substrate

describe the basic structure of an enzyme. Be sure to discuss internal and external bonding.

structured blob with a polar outside (allows it to interact with polar water) and non polar inside (stable structure)

what are the 4 different task enzymes must perform in a bioreaction

• help attract the right substrate to the right active site

• orients/ aligns the substrate (S) properly in the active site

• lowers the activation energy of the reaction

• provides the additional energy if required

what is the lock and key model for enzymes

active site acts like a lock that will only accept one specific substrate called a key

discuss in detain the 4 basic steps to the Induced Fit model

1. enzyme with active site selectively bond to specific substrate through intermolecular attractions, forms enzyme-substrate compact= structure changes to accept the substrate

2. change in the structure causes lower activation energy, substrate breaks, forming 2 molecules

3. breaking of substrate changes structure of substrate, enzyme changes shape which causes 2 molecules to be rejected from the enzyme

4. enzyme returns to original shape and ready to start again

discuss the steps associated with an enzyme reaction equation

1. substrate + enzyme (arrow both ways) enzyme- substrate complex

2. enzyme- substrate complex (arrow both ways) enzyme + product

what is a coenzyme

change shape of enzyme be controlling its actions

what are the three types of function performed by enzymes?

1. combine 2 substrates into one product molecule;

2. break substrates apart into 2 product molecules

3. isomerize the molecules into a new shape

what is ATP and why is it important in biochemical reactions

ATP- coupling agent, energy

• ATP hydrolysis

• ATP coupling example

• ATP- ADP cycle

discuss in detail the thermodynamics of an endergonic biochemical reaction?****

• bonding 2 substrates together

  1. A+B+ enzyme (arrow) A-B+ enzyme

  2. C+ Enzyme (arrow) C-enzyme

     Net reaction A+ B+ C+ enzyme (arrow) A-B+C-Enzyme

what is coupled reaction***

bonding 2 amino acids together

• both of there’s reactions occur on the enzyme, so they are coupled together

what is hommeostasis

mechanism associated with keeping your cells, tissues, and organs regulated to meet certain demands, so they function proper under varying conditions

what are the 3 mechanism use to control enzymes***

• regulator molecules

• compartmentalizing

• metabolic pathway

what is an enzyme

speeds up a reaction and lowers the activation energy

what is the primary purpose of an enzyme

to align the right substrate with the right spot

what are the 4 important tasks required to accomplish the enzyme primary task***

1. right substrate with right spot

2. right orientation

3. right amount of activation energy

explain the lock and key model for an enzyme

the lock is the active site and then key is the substrate which are both parts of the enzyme

what is the role of ATP in a bioreaction

provides energy and speed up the reaction

what is the rate determining step for a multistep reaction

it is the smallest/ slowest part/rate to determine/make the product (think hourglass)