hal ue muscles

trapezius

proximal attachment (4): medial third of superior nuchal line, eop, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of c7-t12

distal attachment (3): lateral third of clavical, spine and acromion of scapula

nerve: spinal accessory, c3, c4

action (4): scapular elevation, depression, retraction, upward rotation

rhomboid major

proximal attachment (1): spinous processes of t2-t5

distal attachment (1): medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

nerve: dorsal scapular (c4, c5)

action (3): scapular retraction, inferior rotation, fix scapula to thoracic wall

rhomboid minor

proximal attachment (1): nuchal ligament, spinous processes of c7-t1

distal attachment (1): smooth triangular space at medial end of scapular spine

nerve: dorsal scapular (c4, c5)

action (3): scapular retraction, inferior rotation, fix scapula to thoracic wall

levator scapulae

proximal attachment (1): posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c1-c4

distal attachment (1): medial border of scapula above the level of scapular spine

nerve: dorsal scapular (c4, c5)

action (2): scapular elevation, inferior rotation

supraspinatus

proximal attachment (1): supraspinous fossa of scapula

distal attachment (1): superior facet greater tubercle of humerus

nerve: suprascapular (c4-c6)

action (2): arm abduction, acts with other rotator cuff muscles

infraspinatus

proximal attachment (1): infraspinous fossa of scapula

distal attachment (1): middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

nerve: suprascapular (c5-c6)

action (2): arm lateral rotation, acts with other rotator cuff muscles

teres major

proximal attachment (1): posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

distal attachment (1): medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

nerve: lower subscapular nerve (c5, c6)

action (2): arm adduction and internal rotation

teres minor

proximal attachment (1): middle part of lateral border of the scapula

distal attachment (1): inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

nerve: axillary (c5, c6)

action (2): arm lateral rotation, acts with other rotator cuff muscles

pectoralis major

proximal attachment (4): anterior surface of medial head of clavicle, anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique

distal attachment (1): lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

nerve (2): lateral and medial pectoral (c5-t1)

action (4): arm adduction, medial rotation, flexion, draws scapula anterior and inferior

pectoralis minor

proximal attachment (1): ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages

distal attachment (1): medial border and superior surface of corocoid process

nerve: medial pectoral (c8-t1)

action (1): scapular stabilization via drawing inferior and anterior against thoracic wall

serratus anterior

proximal attachment (1): external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8

distal attachment (1): anterior surface of medial border of scapula (including the angles)

nerve: long thoracic (c5-c7)

action (3): scapular protraction, rotation, and holds scapula against thoracic wall

deltoid

proximal attachment (3): lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

distal attachment (1): deltoid tuberosity

nerve: axillary (c5,c6)

action (5): arm flexion, extension, abduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation

subscapularis

proximal attachment (1): subscapular fossa

distal attachment (1): lesser tubercle of humerus

nerve: upper and lower subscapular nerves (c5-c7)

action (2): arm medial rotation, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid fossa

coracobrachialis

proximal attachment (1): tip of corocoid process of scapula

distal attachment (1): middle third of medial surface of humerus

nerve: musculocutaneous (c5-c7)

action (3): aids in arm flexion, adduction, resists shoulder dislocation

biceps brachii (short and long heads)

proximal attachment (2): tip of coracoid process (short head), supraglenoid tubercle (long head)

distal attachment (2): radial tuberosity, forearm fascia via bicipital aponeurosis

nerve: musculocutaneous (c5-c7)

action (3): forearm supination, flexion (when supinated), short head resists dislocation of shoulder

brachialis

proximal attachment (1): distal half of anterior surface of humerus

distal attachment (2): coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

nerve: musculocutaneous (c5, c6), radial (c5, c7)

action (1): forearm flexion

brachioradialis

proximal attachment (1): proximal 2/3 of lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus

distal attachment (1): lateral surface of distal radius proximal to styloid process

nerve: radial (c6-c8)

action (1): relatively weak forearm flexion

triceps brachii (long and lateral heads)

proximal attachment (2): infraglenoid tubercle (long), posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove (lateral)

distal attachment (2): proximal olecranon of ulna, forearm fascia

nerve: radial (c6-c8)

action (2): forearm extension, resists humeral dislocation