un2; legal

Administrative Agency

Federal, state, or local government agencies that are established to carry out particular laws. They create rules and regulations for those particular laws.

Business Ethics

Principles (truths) about how businesses and their employees ought to behave.

Business Law

Those rules of conduct (laws) prescribed by government and its agencies in regulating business transactions.

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Enforceable rules of conduct (laws) that govern commercial relationships.

Case law

Made when an appellate court endorses a rule to be used in deciding court cases.

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The rules of law announced in court decisions.

Civil Disobedience

Open and peaceful violation of a law to protest it's alleged injustice.

Civil Law

The system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.

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The group of laws that make up for doing something wrong to another person.

Code

A systematic and comprehensive compilation of laws, rules, or regulations that are consolidated and classified according to subject matter.

Common Law

Legal system based on custom and court rulings. These things then we be applied then to the whole country.

Consequences-Based Reasoning

Form of ethical reasoning that evaluates the results of an action.

Constitution

Document that sets forth the framework of the government and its relationship to the people it governs.

Constitutional Law

Law that involves the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution and State Constitutions.

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Law made when the fundamental, supreme law of the land is adopted, amended, or interpreted.

Criminal Law

Group of laws that defines and sets punishments for offenses against society.

Defendant

Party complained against in a civil or criminal lawsuit.

Equity

The state or quality of being just, fair, or impartial (not biased). Fair and equal treatment under the law.

Ethics

Deciding what is right or wrong action in a reasoned, impartial (not biased) manner.

Fidelity Bond

Insurance coverage to protect a business from losses due to employee theft.

Impartiality

Idea that the same ethical standards apply to everyone and there is "no bias."

Injunction

Court order for a person to do or not do a particular act.

Integrity

Doing what is right even under pressure to act otherwise.

Jurisdiction

The authority of a court to hear a case. In the United States cases are either started at the Federal (National) Level or the State Level.

Jury

Panel of citizens sworn by a court to decide issues of fact in any particular court case. Twelve citizens sit on a jury in any particular court case.

Laws

Rules of behavior established by a political authority and backed by state power.

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Society's values and standards that are enforceable in the courts.

Ordinance

Legislation enacted by a town, city, or county board or commission.

Plaintiff

A person (petitioner) who brings a case (lawsuit) against another (accused / defendant) in a court of law.

Positive Law

Law based on the dictates of a central political authority / ruler(s).

Procedural Law

Law that establishes the methods of enforcing the rights established by substantive law.

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For example, how do the police go about collecting evidence and arresting someone for a particular crime.

Stare Decisis

Doctrine that requires lower courts to follow existing case law in deciding similar cases. Commonly practiced in Common Law.

Statute

law enacted by state or federal legislatures

Substantive Law

Law that defines, describes, regulates, and creates legal rights and obligations.

Unconstitutional

A law that conflicts with a constitution and is therefore invalid.

Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)

A collection of laws that governs various types of business transactions in the United States.

Universalizing

Mental test to identify irrational, illogical, or demeaning actions.

Civil Disorder

Known as civil disturbance, civil unrest, or social unrest is a situation arising from a mass act of civil disobedience in which law enforcement has difficulty maintaining their authority.