PA gross anatomy - 3 - upper limb pt 1 (fx, fascia, dermatomes)

upper limb

characterized by mobility and ability to grasp, strike, and conduct fine motor skills

scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, elbow, radio-ulnar, and wrist

complex movements of the upper limb result from the coordination of the _____, _____, ____, ____, and _____ joints

shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand

what 4 segments is the upper limb divided into?

no

is the upper limb weight-bearing?

yes

is the lower limb weight-bearing?

yes

does the upper limb have stability for mobility?

axial (pectoral girdle/shoulder girdle)

upper limb is connected to the ____ skeleton via the _____

singular; paired

in the upper limb, the proximal bones are ____ and distal bones are ______

distal

____ segment of upper limb can supinate and pronate

T

t or f. ball and socket joint is highly unstable

humerus and ulna

what makes up the true elbow joint

forearm

radius and ulna run parallel to create the ?

sternoclavicular joint

the superior appendicular skeleton articulates with the axial skeleton at the ?

axio-appendicular

bones of the upper limb receive support from the ____ muscles

intertubercular groove

groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

ridges

aka crests of tubercles; where bone starts to widen out to head of humerus

surgical neck

The neck of the humerus that is prone to fractures.

surgical neck

part of humerus that is a transverse line dividing the head from the shaft

deltoid tuberosity

raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches

olecranon process

projection at the upper end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

T

t or f. the first metacarpal at the distal end has no connection to the second metacarpal, which is why the thumb can separate from the rest of the hand

clavicle

bone connecting upper limb to trunk

medial/sternal

end of clavicle that is triangular

lateral/acromial

end of clavicle that is flattened

clavicle

a moveable, crane-like strut that keeps the upper limb at a distance from the trunk and allows mobility

cervico-axillary canal

the passageway into the upperlimb

clavicle

the bony boundary for the passageway into the upper limb (cervico-axillary canal)

yes

is the acromio-clavicular joint stable?

intertubercular sulcus

bicipital groove on humerus

scapula

a triangular flat bone on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax

2nd-7th

the scapula lies over the ___ through ___ ribs

thoracic

the scapula is very mobile on the ____ wall

scapula

provides a base for the upper limb to operate on

posterolateral

scapula is on the _____ aspect of thorax

humerus

largest bone in upper limb

humerus

articulates w the scapula, radius, and ulna

lever

humerus acts as a ___-_

ulna

the stabilizing bone of the forearm

ulna

articulates w humerus and radius

radius

articulates w humerus, ulna, and carpals

pronate

radius rotates over the ulna to ____

pronate

pronator teres and pronator quadratus ___ the forearm

carpals

8 bones arranged in 2 rows of 4

8

how many carpals do we have?

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform (some lovers try positions)

name the 4 proximal carpals from lateral to medial

anterior

the pisiform is ____ to the triquetrum

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (that they can't handle)

name the 4 distal carpals from lateral to medial

metacarpals

the long bones of the palm

5

how many metacarpals do we have

carpals; phalanges (knuckles)

metacarpals proximally articulate with _____, and distally articulate with _____

3

phalanges are the ___ bones that form the fingers

2

how many phalanges are in the first finger?

sesamoid bone

small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces

jugular notch

central indentation in superior border of manubrium

jugular notch

notch b/w clavicles

T2

where does the superior angle of scapula lie?

T3

where is the medial end of the scapular spine at

T7

where is the inferior angle of the scapula at

T3-T7

where does the medial border of the scapula run along

clavicle fracture

one of most common fractures

fall on outstretched hand

FOOSH meaning

FOOSH

clavicle fx can be d/t a _____ or direct fall on shoulder

sternocleidomastoid

after clavicle fx, the ____ muscle pulls the medial fragment superiorly

trapezius

in a clavicle fx, the ____ cannot lift the lateral fragment and the shoulder drops

greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

axial

clavicle fx typically always happen from ___ load to the clavicle

piano key sign

common presentation of a clavicular fx

pectoralis major

proximal humerus is pulled medially by the _____, which may cause overriding of fractured ends of clavicle

no (rare)

are scapular fractures common?

T

t or f. scapula is a thick bone protected by multiple muscles

scapular

type of fx that results from severe trauma, like a pedestrian vs car

rib; pulmonary

pts w a fx scapula will almost always also have ___ fractures and ____ contusions

t

t or f. scapula fx rarely require surgery d/t support of multiple muscles that hold the scapula in place

surgical neck

humeral fx commonly occur at the ____ of the humerus

elderly

pts w humeral fx are normally ____ and have osteoporosis and a fx can result from very minor injuries

comminuted

a fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces

spiral

a fracture where the bone is twisted, causing the fracture

transverse

A fracture that occurs straight across the bone.

greenstick

fracture where the outer bone breaks but the inner bone isn't calcified to break so the medulla is still intact even though the outer cortex has fractured

compound

fracture where the bone came out of its normal cavity (broke skin)

oblique

fracture at an angle across the bone

comminuted

oblique fractures will often become ____

FOOSH

mechanism of injury for radial and ulnar fractures?

transverse

for radial and ulnar fractures, it is common to have _____ fractures in both bones

colles fracture

the distal 2 cm transverse fracture of radius with dorsal displacement

colles fracture

fracture with a dinner fork deformity

smith fracture

the distal 2 cm transverse fracture of radius with volar displacement

colles fracture

most common wrist fracture

t

t or f. colles fx has dinner fork deformity bc distal ulna and radius protrude posteriorly, creating hump in hand

t

t or f. colles fx seen often in the winter bc of ice

smith fracture

fracture where distal segments go anteriorly in front of ulna and radius, creating a crumpled wrist

posteriorly; anteriorly

both are fractures of the distal ulna and radius but Colles is ____ and Smith _____

scaphoid fracture

the million-dollar break

avascular necrosis

scaphoid fx may result in ?

scaphoid fracture

fx that commonly occurs when the patient falls on the palm with the thumb abducted

snuffbox

scaphoid fx results in ____ tenderness

t

t or f. scaphoid is in a relatively avascular place w/o its own direct blood supply so when you need extra blood for healing, don't get it making these fractures dangerous bc they don't heal well

subcutaneous and deep fascia

what are the 2 layers of fascia

pectoralis major; abdominal

pectoral fascia invests _____ muscle, continuous w the ____ fascia

axillary

pectoral fascia joins the ____ fascia in the armpit