KIN 312 Classification of motor skills

Characteristics of a Motor skill

• Action goal

• Performed voluntarily

• require body/limb movement to achieve action goal

Are all motor skills the same?

They are not

How can we differentiate motor skills?

Motor skills can range from dunking a ball to pouring milk

Are movements and actions the same thing?

They are different

Action

Goal directed activity that include body and/or limn movements

Examples of actions

Walking, throwing, sit to standing

Movements

What body/limbs do when an action is performed

Movements can…

vary across performances or among people for the same action

Movements are measured by

Kinematics and Kinetics

People initially learn what?

Actions

People adapt….

Movements to achieve action goals

Motor skill classification systems

One dimension system

Two dimensional system

Gross motor skills are what muscles?

Large Muscles

Fine Motor Skills are what muscles?

Small muscles

Gross motor skills example

Squats

Jumping

riding bikes

Fine motor skills example

Writing

typing on your phone

Discrete motor skills ( Specified ) example?

Vertical jumping standing in place

Discrete motor skills ( Specified )

Knows the start and end of the motor skill

Serial motor skill

Both Discrete motor skill and Continuous Motor skill were used

Continuous Motor Skill ( Arbitrary )

Hard to pinpoint start and end of motor skill

Continuous Motor Skill ( Arbitrary ) example?

walking

swimming

running

riding bike

The Environment…

has to directly affect your movement

closed motor skill

stable/ no motion

closed motor skill example

throwing darts, bowling

Open motor skill example

driving on freeway

Gentile’s Taxonomy two dimensions

Dimension 1: Environmental Context

Dimension 2: Action Function

Dimension 1: Environmental Context

1) Regulatory Conditions

2) Intertrial variability

Regulatory Conditions

environmental context characteristics that determine or regular movements needed to perform an action

Two factors for regulatory conditions

stationary

in motion

Intertrial variability

change from one trail to the next of the same action

Two factors for regulatory conditions

No only one trail

Yes, more than one trail

Dimension 2: Action Function

1) Body Orientation

2) Object Manipulation

Body Orientation

A) Body stability

B) Body transport

Body stability

action goal does not involve moving the body from one location to another

Body transport

action goal involves moving the body from one location to another ( active or passive )

the 4 characteristic for Gentile Taxonomy

2 Environmental Characteristics

1) regulatory conditions - Stable or in motion?

2) Regulatory conditions- Vary from trail to trail?

2 Action Function Characteristics

1) Body transport- maintain position or transport?

2) Object manipulation- object manipulated?

The Taxonomy…

organized motor skills on the basis of skill complexity

Complexity of the Taxonomy increases by the task or action involving:

-open environment

-Trial to trail variability

-Object to manipulate

-Body Transport

The use of