Coasts CIE IGCSE geography case studies

How many people visit Lyme Regis per year?

597,000, therefore demand for tourism industry

How many people are employed in the tourism industry?

38,000

What natural attractions are provided by the coastline?

Natural fossil beaches [jurrasic coast], 7 Rock point, Cobb bay

What opportunities are provided by these?

Hiking in the cliffs [retirement, peaceful, sport]

Watersports [kayaking/SUP] on beaches

Aquariums from the animals [revenue, point of interest]

How many people visit Sea Life centre?

250,000 visitors per year.

What does Lyme Regis harbour provide?

Fishing trips, and personal boating excursions as well as spaces to moor personal boats.

How is a positive sense of community generated from living by a coastline?

In lyme regis, tehre is the annual community new years day swim. this is a tradition, and strengthens the communtiy and quality of life.

How long is the coastline at Lyme Regis?

1.5 km

What materials are the cliffs made of?

Solid limestone, however it is on top of clay, mud and sand

How many mm a month do the landslides move?

2 to 3mm

How are the bases of cliffs eroded?

Hydraulic action and abrasion

What is abrasion?

Pebbles that grind along the cliffbase or rock platform. Over time, it is weakened and the surface becomes smooth

What is Hydraulic Action?

The power of destructive waves as they smash against a cliff. Air becomes trapped in cracks and gets compressed with explosive force. The force builds up, causing rocks to break apart.

In what year did someone die from a landslide in Lyme Regis?

2012

What type of infrastructure was destroyed from coastal erosion and landslides in lyme regis?

Beach chalets - 9 being destroyed.

How many feet of the cliff slipped away in 2008?

1,300 feet

Due to extreme erosion, what did Dorsett council propose as a solution?

A five phase scheme, consisting of hard and soft engeneering

What year did phase one of the Lyme Regis erosion managment scheme occur?

1990 to 1995

What was built in 1990 on Lyme Regis’ coastline?

A sea wall.

What is the purpose of a sea wall?

It is curved, to reflect and absorb the energy of destructive waves.

What was phase two of the lyme regis beach managment scheme?

Beach replenishment. A soft engineering technique consisting of adding fresh sand atop existing sand to prevent a retreating coastline.

How many homes were saved by phase four of the beach managment scheme?

480.

What was phase four of the lyme regis beach managment scheme?

Cliff nailing, stabilising the bases of cliffs and adding pipes and drains. Furthermore, another sea wall was built.

What year did hurricane katrina hit?

2005

How many people were killed by hurricane katrina?

1,800 recorded deaths.

How many people were left homeless post katrina?

500,000

how many people were left without electricity post katrina?

3 million people

How many schools were destroyed from katrina?

18 schools

How many people lost their jobs due to katrina?

230,000

What caused 80% of the city to flood?

levee’s, or flood walls constructed by the council failed as they were poorly built.

What caused health hazards and disease post hurricane in new orleans?

Unclaimed dead bodies lying on the streets, as well as broken water pipes causing drinking water to be contaminated

How much did the damages cost new orleans to repair?

$108 billion

How deep was the flooding in new orleans?

9 metres deep.

What were the economic impacts, and how much were they to New Orleans?

$150 billion dollars in economic impacts including lost casino revenue, as well as people being out of work.

How fast were the winds that New Orleans experienced?

100 miles per hour.