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Fetch-Execute Cycle
The process in a computer where instructions are fetched from memory and executed by the CPU.
Fetch-Execute Cycle Stages
Transfer the contents of the Program Counter to Memory Address Register (MAR)
Increment the program counter
Activate Read Line (transfers instruction to data register)
Transfer contents of data register to instruction register to decode
Decode the instruction
Execute the instruction
Firewall
A program that monitors and filters network traffic to protect a computer from harmful files and unauthorized access.
Encryption
A method of protecting data by scrambling it using public and private keys.
Public Key
A key that is visible to everyone and used to encrypt data.
Private Key
A key that is only visible to the owner and used to decrypt encrypted data.
Digital Signature
A signature created using a private key to verify the authenticity of a message.
Cache
A small, fast storage area that stores frequently accessed data for quicker access.
L1 Cache
Level 1 Cache, stored directly on the processor chip, with limited storage capacity and quicker to access than other backing storage methods.
L2 Cache
Level 2 Cache, larger than L1 Cache and stored off the chip, with more storage capacity, but slower to access than L2 cache
Cache Hit
When the processor successfully finds the requested data in the cache.
Cache Miss
When the processor cannot find the requested data in the cache and has to access it from slower memory.
Threads
Individual parts on the core that allow for multiple instructions to be carried out at once
Improving Performance
Widen Data Bus
Overclocking
Increasing Cache Size
Having more cores
DO NOT MENTION WIDENING ADDRESS BUS
DOS Attacks
Denial of Service attacks aim to disrupt or deny access to a system or website by sending thousands of requests or packets to a website or server in order to starve it of resources.
Floating Point Representation
A method of representing real numbers in computer systems using sign, mantissa, and exponent.
File Size Suffixes
Bits (b) - 0 or 1
Bytes (B) - 8 bits
Kilobytes (KB) - 1024B
Megabytes (KB) - 1024KB
Gigabytes (GB) - 1024MB
Terabytes (TB) - 1024GB
Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act
A law that protects intellectual property rights and imposes penalties for infringement.
Computer Misuse Act
Legislation that makes hacking and spreading viruses illegal, with penalties including imprisonment and fines.
Communications Act
A law that regulates digital communications and makes cyber terrorism and unauthorized sharing of explicit content illegal.
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)
Regulations that protect individuals' data and impose obligations on companies regarding data usage and privacy.
RIPA (Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act)
A legal act that requires businesses to inform individuals when their data is being recorded and provides access to law enforcement agencies when necessary.
Note
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