Honors English Midterm Exam Review '22

SL = Scarlet Letter | https://thescarletletterandallitsglory.weebly.com/chapter-summaries-1-12.html

Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

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ex:

Speech at the VA convention:

*  “Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss” (refernces to how Judas betrayed Jesus.)
* “Are we disposed to be of the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and having ears, hear not.” (references Ezekiel.)
* “The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone;”.  (references Ecclesiastes.)
* “We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms us into beasts.” (refernces to mythology.

Anaphora

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

Conflict

A struggle between opposing forces

Emotional Appeals (PATHOS)

based on specific examples of suffering or potential threats, includes lots of loaded language, and rich in annotations & vivid images.

Ethical Appeals (ETHOS)

based on shared moral values, calls forth audience’s sense of right, justice, and virtue.

Logical Appeals (LOGOS)

based on set of assumptions, rational argument and objective evidence.

Hyperbole

exaggeration

Loaded Language

words with strongly positive or negative connotations.

Metaphor

A comparison without using like or as

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Examples:

Speech at the VA Convention:

* “I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience.”
* “They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging.”

What is an american:

* “Here they are become men; In Europe they were as so many useless plants, wanting vegetative mold and refreshing showers…”

Metonymy

figure of speech in which an emblem of something is substituted for the whole.

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ex. the **white house** that we are at war with mars.

(the **white house** is a metonymy for the president)

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examples in the works we’ve read:

DOI:

* “That they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown,” (crown = royal authority)

Speech at the VA Convention:

* “And we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne.” (Foot of the throne = King George)

Common Sense:

* “The laying a country desolate with fire and sword,” (sword = military power)

Parallelism

the use of similar grammatical forms or sentence patterns to express ideas of equal importance, makes both written and spoken expression more precise and powerful.

Repetition

the repeating of a word or phrase in a poem

Simile

comparison using like or as.

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Example:

Common sense: “but how a race of men came into the world so exalted above the rest, and distinguished like some new species,”

Structure of an argument

the relationship between the parts of an argument,

\*claim → evidence → acknowledge opposing side → conclude.\*

Who wrote “Speech at the VA Convention”?

Patrick Henry

Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Who wrote “Common Sense”?

Thomas Paine

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has lots of pathos, ethos, and logos

Who wrote “What is an American”?

Jean-Michel Guillaume de Crevecoeur

Who wrote “The Scarlet Letter”?

Nathaniel Hawthorne

What is the central idea of the “Speech at the VA Convention’?

it’s time for the Colonists to take action against the Brits.

What is the central idea of The Declaration of Indpendence?

* freedom and equality!!!!
* Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
* unalienable rights
* consent of the governed
* right to alter or abolish government

What is the central idea of “What is an American”?

the dramatic differences between the colonies and life in Europe.

* how ppl have more opportunities in the States, and ppl are treated badly in Europe.

Setting of the SL?

* Puritan MA Bay colony.
* prison (for some part)

Rosebush symbolism?

a symbol for freedom, romantic aspiration, and all the things that Puritan society is not

Sunlight symbolism?

the symbol of untroubled, guilt-free happiness, or perhaps the approval of God and nature.

Scarlet letter symbolism?

sin, adultery, penance, shame, and penitence

Pearl symbolism?

A reminder to Hester and the world that Hester had committed an evil and sinful deed, the physical consequence of sexual sin

Scaffold symbolism?

sin and shame, as well as the site of ultimate redemption, Public shame, embarrassment

Hester

* said to be beautiful
* committed adultery
* married an early scholar
* endures years of shame
* sews clothing

Chillingworth

* hester’s husband
* sees Hester and Pearl on the scaffold after being captured by Natives and returning.
* Disguised himself as a doctor.
* wants revenge on hester.

Pearl

* daughter of Hester and Dimmesdale
* a symbol of her mother’s shame and triumph.
* aggressive lil b\*tch.
* moody and mischievous
* ppl think her dad is the devil.
* ppl say shes not even human
* dresses nicely bc of her mom
* described as “the scarlet letter endowed with life.”
* the consequence of Hester’s sin.

Dimmesdale

* Baby daddy 👀
* Pearl’s father
* well respected Boston reverend.

Description of the Scarlet Letter

* the “A” represents Hester’s sin, adultery.
* “walking emblem of shame.”

What are the supernatural abilities the scarlet letter gave to Hester?

gives her the ability to sense ppl’s sinful thoughts.

Plot events of chapter 1, The Prison Door :

* starts with description of prison cell.
* iron spikes, heavily timbered with oak, rose bush, overgrown plants.
* gives a sense of depression
* rosebush symbol

Plot events of chapter 2, The Market Place:

* hester commits adultery.
* publicly shamed on the scaffold
* gorg.
* has to wear scarlet A (leads ppl to shame her)
* Dimmesdale, talks to Hester in front of everyone and attempts to get her to admit who the baby daddy is.
* hester refuses.

Plot events of chapter 3, The Recognition:

* stranger with uneven shoulders comes into town with an indian.
* wonders why hesteris at the scafold.
* says hes been held captive by natives in europe.
* Hester sees him and is shocked, but the man pretends to not know her.
* Reverend Mr. Wilson demands who the father is.
* hester says no no
* Scarlet letter is described as having a ligt and burning sensation being branded onto her flesh as she goes back to prison.

Plot events of chapter 4, The Interview:

* man enters prison and says he’s a physician.
* calls himself chillingworth and stops Pearl from screaming with a potion.
* actually hester’s husband lolz.
* chillingworth swears he’ll find out who the baby daddy is and makes hester promise to never speak of their relationship.

Plot events of chapter 5, Hester at her Needle:

* hester is free, walks to cottage near beginning of forest.
* feels alone, no one to talk to.
* sews baby clothes, clothes for upper class, and every event but weddings.
* Hester uses bad clothing for herself but fine clothing on pearl.
* hester makes a gold and crimson-red stain material when making the “A” that goes on her clothing.
* By making clothing, she feels a small connection to the citizens.
* Hester going cray-cray with thoughts of guilt, burning sensation of “A” left her.

Plot events of chapter 6, Pearl:

* hester

Plot events of chapter 7, The governor’s hall:

* hester goes to deliver gloves to find out if Pearl will be taken from her.
* hester and pearly are threatened by children so pearl yells.
* governor and minister say pearl is a demon-child and wants to take pearl away.

Plot events of chapter 8, the elf-child and the minister:

* dimmesdale, bellingham, and chillingworth talk abt pearl being taken.
* compares her to a demon-child.
* hester says she can use her shameful experience to teach pearl but the men say she needs a religious childhood.
* dimmesdale says pearl was given to her as the Lord’s gift.
* Miss Hibbins invites hester to join her and other witches in the forest but hester refuses bc of pearl who saves her from temptations.