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Layer 1
Physical
Layer 2
Data Link
Layer 3
Network
Layer 4
Transport
Layer 5
Application
Unit of Communication Layer 1
Bits
Unit of Communication Layer 2
Frames
Unit of Communication Layer 3
Packets (IPv4 or IPv6)
Unit of Communication Layer 4
TCP Segments or UDP Datagrams
Unit of Communication Layer 5
Data
Addressing Layer 2
MAC addresses
Addressing Layer 3
IP addresses
Addressing Layer 4
Port numbers
Delivery Type Layer 2
Local
Delivery Type Layer 3
Indirect
Delivery Type Layer 4
End-to-end
Encapsulation
adding the header as data moves down the layers.
Decapsulation
removing the header as data moves up the layers.
Command to Set Root User
sudo -i or su -
Command to Edit Files
nano or vi
Command to Check Network Interfaces
ip a
Layer 2 Main Protocol
Ethernet
Frame Field Preamble
Synchronization
Frame Field Destination MAC
Identifies recipient
Frame Field Source MAC
Identifies sender
Frame Field Type/Length
Protocol type or data size
Frame Field Payload
Data being transferred
Frame Field FCS
Error checking
Frame Size Min Length
64 bytes
Frame Size Max Length
1518 bytes
Frame Data Length
Up to 1500 bytes
Unicast
Single device communication
Multicast
communication with a group of devices
Broadcast
All devices on the network (all f’s)
Padding
Ensures frame meets minimum size
Layer 3 Main Protocol
IP
Layer 3 Services
Routing, Logical addressing, Packet forwarding
Datagram Header Field Version
IPv4 or IPv6
Datagram Header Field Header Length
Size of the header
Datagram Header Field Source Address
Sender's IP address
Datagram Header Field Destination Address
Recipient's IP address
Datagram Header Field TTL
Limits packet's lifetime - The field that limits the lifetime of a packet to avoid loops.
Datagram Header Length Min
20 bytes
Datagram Header Length Max
60 bytes
Purpose of Fragmentation
Breaks large packets into smaller for easy transportation
Note 
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