human anatomy unit 1-2

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Biology

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46 Terms

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cytosol and organelles
what cytoplasm contains
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plasma membrane
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central dogma
DNA to RNA to protein
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step one
nucleus stores DNA, making RNA copies and RNA moves to cytoplasm
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step two
RNA read by ribosomes and makes protein
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step three
golgi body modifies the protein and gives it a location to go to in the body
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vesicles
storage for proteins that arent needed yet
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lysosomes
break down protein into raw materials
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where DNA is stored
Nucleus
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what covers nucleus
nuclear membrane
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nucleus
makes RNA copies
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ribosomes
reads RNA and makes proteins
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golgi body
modifies proteins and gives it a location to go to
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peroxisome
removes toxins from cell
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
makes lipids (fat)
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mitochondria
makes ATP
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centriole
makes microtubules
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microtubules
pathway for organelles
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microtubules
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microfilament
gives cell its shape
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microfilament
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intermediate filament
has an anchoring point
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intermediate filament
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cilia
made of microtubules
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phosphate head
hydrophilic
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fatty tails
hydrophobic
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phosphate head
a
a
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peripheral proteins
messengers and anchoring points
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integral proteins
acts as tunnel to let polar molecules pass
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presence of glycocalyx molecules
help identify a cells self so it doesnt attack itself
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glycocalyx
carbohydrate
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cholestrol
keeps plasma membrane flexible
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gradient
difference in concentration
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passive transport
any movement in and out of the cell that doesnt require energy
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simple diffusion
when O2 is higher in concentration on outside, it moves inward, passing the phospholipid bilayer, lowering the concentration outside
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facilitated diffusion
needs channel protein to allow for polar molecules to pass through phospholipid bilayer
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integrated protein+facilitated diffusion=
channel protein
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osmosis
movement of water
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low H2O=
more stuff
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more H2O=
less stuff
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carrier mediated active transport
integral protein takes ATP energy to move concentration from low to high
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phagocytosis
bringing in solids
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pinocytosis
bringing in liquids
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tight junctions
creates seal between cells
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desmosomes
prevents cells from ripping; helps cells move as a unit
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gap junctions
molecules can pass from one cell to the next; quick communication