human anatomy unit 1-2

cytosol and organelles

what cytoplasm contains

plasma membrane

1

central dogma

DNA to RNA to protein

step one

nucleus stores DNA, making RNA copies and RNA moves to cytoplasm

step two

RNA read by ribosomes and makes protein

step three

golgi body modifies the protein and gives it a location to go to in the body

vesicles

storage for proteins that arent needed yet

lysosomes

break down protein into raw materials

where DNA is stored

Nucleus

what covers nucleus

nuclear membrane

nucleus

makes RNA copies

ribosomes

reads RNA and makes proteins

golgi body

modifies proteins and gives it a location to go to

peroxisome

removes toxins from cell

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

makes lipids (fat)

mitochondria

makes ATP

centriole

makes microtubules

microtubules

pathway for organelles

microtubules

3

microfilament

gives cell its shape

microfilament

1

intermediate filament

has an anchoring point

intermediate filament

2

cilia

made of microtubules

phosphate head

hydrophilic

fatty tails

hydrophobic

phosphate head

a

peripheral proteins

messengers and anchoring points

integral proteins

acts as tunnel to let polar molecules pass

presence of glycocalyx molecules

help identify a cells self so it doesnt attack itself

glycocalyx

carbohydrate

cholestrol

keeps plasma membrane flexible

gradient

difference in concentration

passive transport

any movement in and out of the cell that doesnt require energy

simple diffusion

when O2 is higher in concentration on outside, it moves inward, passing the phospholipid bilayer, lowering the concentration outside

facilitated diffusion

needs channel protein to allow for polar molecules to pass through phospholipid bilayer

integrated protein+facilitated diffusion=

channel protein

osmosis

movement of water

low H2O=

more stuff

more H2O=

less stuff

carrier mediated active transport

integral protein takes ATP energy to move concentration from low to high

phagocytosis

bringing in solids

pinocytosis

bringing in liquids

tight junctions

creates seal between cells

desmosomes

prevents cells from ripping; helps cells move as a unit

gap junctions

molecules can pass from one cell to the next; quick communication