AP European History [Historical Periods 1 & 2]

• End of Hundred Years War

• Fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire falls to the Ottoman Turks [Renamed Istanbul]

1453

• End of the "Reconquista" Era in Spain

• Columbus "Discovers" America (Called "The Encounter")

1492

• Martin Luther Posts the Ninety-Five Theses on Church Door in Wittenburg

• Start of the Protestant Reformation

1517

• Diet & Edict of Worms

• Luther Excommunicated From RCC

1521

• German Peasants Revolt

• Luther Condemns it

• HRE Charles V Puts it Down

1524

• Sack of Rome

• HRE Charles V Proves His Power Over Pope Clement VII

1527

• Act of Supremacy

• English King Henry VIII Leaves the RCC

1534

• Council of Trent: Catholic "Counter-Reformation"

• Index of Forbidden Books Created by RCC

• Jesuits Created to Convert People to RCC

1545

- Peace of Augsburg [Lutheranism Recognized in the HRE by Charles V and RCC]

1555

• Battle of Lepanto

• Turks Stopped From Invading Europe

1571

• St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre [August 24]

• Huguenot Persecution in France

1572

- Spanish Armada [Navy] Against England Defeated

1588

• Edict of Nantes Passed by French King Henry IV

• Huguenots Win Religious Freedom in 200 towns

1598

• [England] Death of Elizabeth I = End of the Tudor Dynasty

• Coronation of James I = Start of the Stuart dynasty

1603

- Defenestration of Prague = Start of the Thirty Years War in HRE

1618

• [England] Petition of Right Issued to King Charles I = Habeas Corpus Guaranteed

• William Harvey Published Works On Blood Circulation

1628

• End of the Thirty Years War

• Treaty of Westphalia = Start of Concept of "Balance of Power" Between Countries

• HRE Power / Population Crushed by the War

1648

• Battle of Vienna

• Ottoman Turks Defeated by King Sobieski of Poland W/ Help From HRE

1683

• Glorious Revolution in England

• Passage of English Bill of Rights & Act of Toleration

• England Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy

1688

• Act of Settlement Passed in England Paving Way Of Hanoverian Dynasty to Succeed

• Brandenburg-Prussia Becomes the Kingdom of Prussia Under Frederick I

• Jethro Tull Invents the Seed Drill to Improve Agricultural Efficiency in England

1701

• Death of Louis XIV Ends War of Spanish Succession

• Start of Industrial Revolution in England

1715

* War of Austrian Succession Begins Over the Issues of the Pragmatic Sanction Which Claims the Right of Maria Theresa to Rule Austria Alone

1740

* Montesquieu Publishes the Spirit of Laws Introducing a Three Branch Government —> Height of the Enlightenment

1748

* French Revolution Begins on July 14th as the Bastille is Attacked in Paris

1789

• Robespierre Kills Himself = Thermidorian Reaction

• Reign of Terror in France Ends

1794

• Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor

• Napoleonic Law Code Enacted

1804

• Battle of Waterloo

• Fall of Napoleon —> Congress of Vienna Meets to End Ideas of Nationalism & Democracy in Europe

1815