Chapter 5 Muscles and Tendon

active (ACK-tiv)

Causing action or change
-Latin movement

activity (ack-TIV-ih-tee)

The state of being active

-ity

Suffix: condition, state

activ-

root: movement

contract (kon-TRAKT)

draw together or shorten

con-

prefix: with, together

-tract

root: draw

fiber (FIE-ber)

A strand or filament

multidisciplinary (mul-tee-DIS-ih-plih-NAR-ee)

involving health care providers from more than one profession

-ary

suffix: pertaining to

multi-

prefix: many

-disciplin-

root: instruction

muscle (MUSS-el)

a tissue consisting of cells that can contract

passive (PASS-iv)

Not active
-Latin to endure

peristalsis (pear-ih-STAL-sis)

waves of alternate constriction and relaxation in a tube

peri-

prefix: around

-stalsis

root: constrict

skeletal (SKEL-eh-tal); Adjective

pertaining to the skeleton

-al

suffix: pertaining to

skelet-

root: skeleton

tone (TONE)

Tension present in resting muscles

voluntary muscle (VOL-un-tare-ee MUSS-el)

muscle that is under the control of the will

volunt-

root: free will

atrophy (A-troh-ee)

the wasting away or diminished volume of tissue, and organ, or a body part

hypertrophy (high-PER-troh-fee)

increase in size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element

a-

prefix: without

trophy-

root: nourishment

hyper-

prefix: above, excessive

fascia (FASH-ee-ah)

sheet of fibrous connective tissue
-Latin a band

fribromyalgia (fie-broh-my-AL-jee-ah)

pain in the muscle fibers

-algia

suffix: pain

fibr/o

R/CF: fiber

-my-

root: muscle

sprain (SPRAIN)

A wrench or tear in a ligament
-root unknown

strain (STRAIN)

overstretch or tear in a muscle or tendon
-Latin to bind

tendon (TEN-dun)

fibrous band that connects muscle to bone
-Latin sinew

tedinitis/tendonitis (ten-dih-NYE-tis)

inflammation of the tendon

-itis

suffix: inflammation

tendin-

root: tendon

ambulatory (AM-byu-LAY-tor-ee)

surgery or any other care provided without an overnight stay in a medical facility

-ory

prefix: having the function of

ambulat-

root: walking

insertion (in-SIR-shun)

the insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more moveable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the origin

insert (in-SIRT); verb

the insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more moveable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the origin

-ion

suffix: action, condition

insert-

root: put together

origin (OR-ih-gin)

fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to bone
-latin source of

pectoral (PEK-tor-al)

pertaining to the chest

pectoral girdle (PEK-tor-al GIR-del)

incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton

pector-

root: chest

rotator cuff (roh-TAY-tor CUFF)

part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

-or

suffix: one who does

rotat-

root: rotate

biceps brachii (BYE-sepz BRAY-key-eye)

a muscle of the arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula

bi-

prefix: two

-ceps

root: head

brach/i

R/CF: of the arm

brachialis (BRAY-kee-al-is)

muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm

-alis

suffix: pertaining to

brachi-

root: arm

brachioradialis (BRAY-kee-oh-RAY-dee-al-is)

muscle that helps flex the forearm

-radi-

Root: radius

cyst (SIST)

an abnormal, fluid-containing sac

deltoid (DEL-toyd)

large, fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus

-oid

suffix: resembling

delt-

root: triangle

dorsum (DOOR-sum)

The back of any part of the body, including the hand
-latin back

dorsal (DOOR-sal); adjective

pertaining to the back of any part of the body

ventral (VEN-tral); opposite of dorsal

pertaining to the belly or situated nearer to the surface of the belly

dors-

root: back

ventr-

root: belly

ganglion (GANG-lee-on)

fluid-containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon
-greek swelling

latissimus dorsi (lah-TISS-ih-muss DOOR-sigh)

the widest (broadest) muscle in the back

-imus

suffix: most

latiss-

root: wide

dorsi

root: of the back

stenosis (steh-NOH-sis)

narrowing of a passage
-greek narrowing

thenar eminence (THAY-nar EM-in-ens)

the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb

hypothenar eminence (high-poh-THAY-nar EM-in-ens)

the fleshy mass at the base of the little finger

thenar

root: palm

hypo-

prefix: below, smaller

triceps brachii (TRY-sepz BRAY-key-eye)

muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin

tri-

prefix: three

abduction (ab-DUCK-shun)

action of moving away from the midline

abduct (ab-DUKT); verb

to move away from the midline

ab-

pefix: away from

-duct-

root: lead

ad-

prefix: toward

-or

suffix: that which does something

calcaneus (cal-KAY-knee-us)

the heel bone

calcaneal tendon/archillies tendon

the tendon of the heel formed from gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and inserted into the calcaneus

-eal

suffix: pertaining to

calcan-

root
calcaneus

gastrocnemius (gas-trok-KNEE-me-us)

major muscle in back of the lower leg (the calf)

gluteus (GLUE-tee-us)

Refers to one of three muscles in the buttocks
-greek buttocks

gluteal (GLUE-tee-al); Adjective

pertaining to the buttock

glut-

root: buttocks

maximus (MAKS-ih-mus)

The gluteus maximus muscle is the largest muscle in the body, covering a large part of each buttock
-Latin the biggest or the greatest

medius (MEE-dee-us)

the gluteus medius muscle is partly covered by the gluteus maximus
-latin middle

minimus (MIN-ih-mus)

The gluteus minimus is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius
-latin smallest