Chemical Bonds and Biological Molecules

These flashcards cover key concepts related to chemical bonds, biological molecules, and the structure and function of proteins and enzymes.

Ionic bond

A type of chemical bond formed when one atom completely transfers one or more electrons to another atom, creating oppositely charged ions.

Covalent bond

A type of chemical bond where outer electrons are shared between atoms.

Electronegativity

The chemical property that determines how electrons are shared between atoms, influenced by the number of protons in an atom.

Hydrogen bond

Weak electrostatic bonds that occur between slightly charged areas (δ+ and δ-) of molecules.

Hydrophilic molecule

A molecule that is attracted to water and can be dissolved in it; typically polar or ionic.

Hydrophobic molecule

A molecule that is repelled by water; typically nonpolar.

Amphiphilic molecule

A molecule that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.

Monomer

A repeated subunit that makes up large biological molecules (polymers).

Dehydration synthesis

The process that combines two amino acids into a peptide molecule, forming a peptide bond.

Peptide bond

The type of bond that holds amino acids together in a peptide.

Protein structure

The organization of a protein, categorized into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels.

Denaturation

The process of disrupting the 3D structure of a protein, affecting its function due to heat or acidity.

Active site

The location on an enzyme that binds to the substrate and is involved in catalyzing the reaction.

Michaelis Menten curve

A model that explains the relationship between the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and substrate concentration.

An Amino Acid requires what two compounds in the R group to Hydrogen Bond?

Oxygen or Nitrogen

Hydrophobic Reaction

Two non polar surfaces coming together

Interactions made up of either C - C, N - N, C - H

Nonpolar interactions

4 bonds

How many interactions can carbon have?

3 bonds

How many interactions can Nitrogen have?

2 bonds

How many interactions can oxygen have?

1 bond

How many interactions can Hydrogen have?