Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Flashcards for reviewing cellular respiration and fermentation.

Cell Metabolism Stages

Digestion, Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation

Digestion (Stage 1)

Large molecules are broken down by enzymes for cell absorption; complex carbohydrates are broken down to glucose.

Glycolysis

Breaking glucose (6Cs) into 2 pyruvates (3Cs) in the cytoplasm.

Net result of Glycolysis

Glucose yields 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH

Citric Acid Cycle (CAC)

Oxidizes carbon chains, stores energy in NADH and FADH2; CO2 is a waste product; Occurs in the Mitochondrial Matrix

OXPHOS

Oxidative Phosphorylation; Receives electrons from carriers, creates a proton gradient, powers mass production of ATP; Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Creates a H+ gradient in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.

ATP Synthase Function

Converts ADP to ATP using the proton gradient created by the ETC.

ATP Yield of Cellular Respiration

Maximum per glucose: About 30 or 32 ATP

Fermentation

Glycolysis without O2; reduces ATP yield to 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

Substrate-level Phosphorylation

The process by which an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP.