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34 Terms
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Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
A system that provides the necessary components for secure communication using public key cryptography.
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Certificate Authority (CA)
A trusted entity that issues and manages digital certificates.
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Registration Authority (RA)
An entity responsible for verifying certificate requests and forwarding them to a CA.
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Digital Certificate
An electronic document that binds a public key to an individual or entity.
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Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
A list of revoked certificates maintained by a CA.
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Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)
A protocol used to check the revocation status of a digital certificate.
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Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
A request sent to a CA to obtain a digital certificate.
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Common Name (CN)
The primary identifier in a certificate, usually a domain name or personal identifier.
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Distinguished Name (DN)
A unique identifier for an entity in a digital certificate.
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Subject Alternative Name (SAN)
A field in a certificate that allows multiple domain names to be covered.
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Intermediate CA
A subordinate CA that provides a link between the root CA and end-entity certificates.
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End-Entity Certificate
A certificate issued to an individual, organization, or device.
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Root Certificate
A self-signed certificate that serves as the trust anchor in a PKI.
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Wildcard Certificate
A certificate that secures a domain and all its subdomains.
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Code-Signing Certificate
A certificate used to digitally sign software to verify its authenticity.
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Self-Signed Certificate
A certificate signed by the same entity it certifies, often used internally.
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Machine/Computer Certificate
A certificate issued to a computer for authentication.
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E-mail Certificate
A certificate used for securing e-mail communications.
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Domain Validation Certificate
A low-trust certificate verifying control over a domain.
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Extended Validation (EV) Certificate
A high-trust certificate that provides stronger identity verification.
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X.509
The standard format for digital certificates.
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Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)
A binary format for encoding certificates.
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Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM)
A Base64-encoded certificate format commonly used by CAs.
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Personal Information Exchange (PFX)
A format used to store certificates and private keys together.
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P12 (.pfx, .p12)
A binary format for storing a certificate and private key in one file.
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P7B (.p7b, .p7c)
A format containing certificates but no private keys, used in Windows and Java environments.
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Stapling
A method that allows a web server to provide OCSP responses directly to clients.
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Pinning
The practice of associating a host with a specific certificate or public key.
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Trust Model
The structure defining trust relationships between CAs and certificates.
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Hierarchical Trust Model
A model with a root CA at the top, issuing certificates to intermediate and end-entity CAs.
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Peer-to-Peer Trust Model
A model where CAs cross-certify each other without a single root CA.
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Hybrid Trust Model
A combination of hierarchical and peer-to-peer trust models.
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Key Escrow
A process where a third party holds a copy of private encryption keys.
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Certificate Chaining
The linking of certificates from an end-entity to a root CA to establish trust.
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