2.2) hormonal control of reproduction

Where is the pituitary gland located?

In the brain, below the hypothalamus

Where is the hypothalamus located?

in the brain, above the pituiatry gland

what is the pituarty gland stimulated to release X Y Z by a releaser hormone produced in the hypothalamus?

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
lutensing hormone (LH)
instertistial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

what hormones does the pituarty gland in males release?

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
intersitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

what hormones does the pituarty gland in females release?

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
lutensing hormone (LH)

after the pituarty gland releases these hormones in both genders, what does it trigger?

triggers puberty - sperm production in males and mentrual cycle in females

hormonal control of sperm production: FSH

the hypothalamus sends a releaser hormone to stimulate the ...

to stimulate the pituarty gland which releases follicle stimulating hormone,

FSH is sent to the tests which targets the seminiferous tubules to produces sperm

hormonal control of sperm production: ICSH

the hypothalamus sends a releaser hormone to stimulate the ...

to stimulate the pituiarty gland which releases interstial cell stimulating hormone,

ICSH is sent to the testes which targets interstitial cells to produces testosterone AND activates the prostate gland and seminal vesicle

what does releasing FSH finally produce ?

sperm

what does releasing ICSH finally produce?

testosterone and activates prostate glands and seminal vesicles

negative feedback control : self regulation of testosterone

As the concentration of testosterone builds up ....

the conc of testosterone builds up in the bloodstream >>>
decreased levels of FSH and ICSH by pituiarty gland >>>
decrease in testosterone conc>>>

increased levels of FSH and ICSH by pituiarty gland >>>
and so on

hormonal control of the menstrual cycle:

how long does the mentrual cycle take?

approximately 28 days

(first day of menstruation regarded as "DAY 1" of the cycle

what are the two phase of the menstrual cycle called?

phase 1 is called follicular phase
phase 2 is called luteal phase

phase 1 - follicular phase

what does follicle stimulating hormone stimulate?

and produces what

FSH stimulatins the development of a follicle

and produces oestrigen by the follicle

what does oestrogen stimulate ?

stimulates proliferation (growth) of the endometrium preparing it for implantation

what does preparing the endometrium for impantation effect

it effects the consistency of cervical mucus, making is easier for sperm to get through.

what do peak levels of oestrogen stimulate

stimulate a surge of the secretion of lutensing hormone (LH).

what does the surge of LH trigger?

triggers ovulation

phase 2 - luteal phase

what is ovulation and when does it occur ?

the relase of an egg/ovum from a follicle in the ovary,

it occurs around the mid-point of the menstrual cycle (DAY 14)

in luteal phase, the follicle develops into a X, which secretes what?

follicle developes into a corpus luteum and secretes progestrogen

what does progestorgen promote?

promotes further development and vascularisation (blood flow for nutrition) of the endometrium, preparing it for implantation

hormonal control of menstrual cycle: FSH

hypothalamus sends a releaser hormone to the pituiatry gland which relases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to ...

to the target organ, ovary, in which the follicle in the ovary develops producing a mature egg

producing oestrogen

hormonal control of menstrual cycle: LH

hypothalamus sends a releaser hormone to the pituiatry gland which relases lutensing hormone (LH) to ...

to the target organ, ovary, results in ovulation - follicle becomes corpus luteum and produces progestrogen

negative feedback control - menstrual cycle

progestrogen and oestrogen has a negative feedback control on the pituarty gland inhibiting the release of what?

the release of FSH and LH preventing anymore follicles maturing

If fertilization DOES NOT occur, the lack of lutensing hormone leads to...

leads to the degeneration of the corpus luteum, leading to a drop in progestrogen leading to menstruation.

if fertilistion DOES occur, the corpus luteum does not...

the corpus luteum does not degerate and progestrogen levels remain high