Unit 7: Natural Selection

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1

Gene flow

________ can occur between different populations of the same species if individuals migrate.

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Stanley Miller

________ and Harold Urey simulated the conditions of primitive Earth in a laboratory.

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Charts

________ called phylogenetic trees, or cladograms, are used to study relationships between organisms.

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4

extreme traits

Stabilizing selection means that organisms in a population with ________ are eliminated.

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5

Evolution

________ is a change in a population over time.

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Natural selection

________ is defined in terms of populations but occurs in terms of individuals.

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Fitness varies

________ based on biotic and abiotic factors; different genetic variations can be selected for in different generations.

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Evolutionary fitness

________ is measured by reproductive success.

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9

Convergent evolution

________ is the process by which two unrelated and dissimilar species come to have similar traits, often because they have been exposed to similar selective pressures.

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10

Cladograms

________ are often drawn with even spacing between species, but phylogenetic trees are often drawn with different distances between species and as a result they look more like a tree with uneven branches.

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11

Biotic

________ and abiotic factors can affect the direction of evolution.

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12

Morphological homologies

________, or the study of the anatomy of various animals: scientists discovered that some animals have similar structures that serve different functions.

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Divergent evolution

________ that occurs quickly after a period of stasis is called punctuated equilibrium.

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fittest offspring

The ________, or those with the most favorable traits, are the most likely to survive and therefore produce a second generation.

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next generation

As long as a mutation does not kill an organism before it reproduces it may be passed on to the ________.

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16

Hardy Weinberg law

The ________ states that even with all the shuffling of genes that goes on, the relative frequencies of genotypes in a population are constant over time.

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environmental impact

If the population is small, the population will be more susceptible to random ________ than if the population is large.

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post zygotic barrier

A(n) ________ is related to the inability of a hybrid organism to produce offspring.

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19

genetic equilibrium

If mutations are present in a population, new alleles will be introduced into the population and hence ________ will be disturbed.

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Survival

________ of the fittest is the name of the game, and any trait that causes an individual to reproduce better gives that individual evolutionary fitness.

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Allopatric speciation

________ simply means that a population becomes separated from the rest of the species by a geographic barrier so the two populations cant interbreed.

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original life form

Some ________ is the common ancestor to all life.

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23

Genetic drift

________ is something that causes a change in the genetics of a population, but it is not natural selection.

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Molecular Biology

________: The most compelling proof of all is the similarity at the molecular level.

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25

Genetic variation

________ is the very foundation of evolution.

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26

Phylogenetic trees

________ are built using data from the fossil record or molecular record.

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27

Natural selection

________ requires genetic variation and an environmental pressure.

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28

Natural selection

________ occurs only if some individuals have more evolutionary fitness and can be selected.

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29

natural selection

If there is ________, organisms better adapted to their environment will be more likely to survive and reproduce, and thus their alleles will be preferentially propagated to the next generation.

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30

Paleontology

paleontology revealed the various organisms and the major lines of evolution

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31

Biogeography, or the study of the distribution of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) in the environment

scientists found related species in widely separated regions of the world

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32

Embryology, or the study of development of an organism

All the vertebrates-including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and even mammals such as humans-show fishlike features called gill slits

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33

Morphological homologies, or the study of the anatomy of various animals

scientists discovered that some animals have similar structures that serve different functions

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34

Molecular Biology

The most compelling proof of all is the similarity at the molecular level

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35

Continuing Evolution

Evolution is constantly occurring

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