Studied by 29 people
Spanish Colonizers
Mostly men
In the South
Catholic
Heavily controlled by crown
British Colonizers
Families
In the Atlantic Coast
Variety of religion
Little control from crown
French and Dutch Colonizers
Fishing
Fur trade
Small population
Spanish Relations with Natives
Convert to Catholicism
Forced labor
Sneaky Spanish
English Relations with Natives
Forced removal - violent
No attempt to keep peace
Evil English
French Relations with Natives
Friendly with natives
Participate in fur trade
Friendly French
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in New World
Virginia Company
Joint stock company that chartered Jamestown in hopes of finding gold
Jamestown Initial Struggles
Brutal winters
Conflict with natives
No gold = no $$
John Smith
Put colonists to work
Recruited new colonists
John Rolfe
Learned how to grow tobacco from Pocahontas
Made lots of profits
Pocahontas
Native woman who helped Jamestown colonists grow crops
Chesapeake Colonies
Virginia (expansion of Jamestown) and Maryland
Virgina
Established plantations (need labor)
Headright System
land for anyone who can pay to bring people to Virginia
Indentured Servants
Pay off trip to Americas by signing contracts to work for certain amount of time
House of Burgesses
First elected representative assembly (Virginia)
Virginia becomes a royal colony (1624)
tobacco was not profitable
expensive conflicts
lead to Bacons Rebellion
Bacons Rebellion (1676)
Uprising of frontiersmen (former indentured servants, small farmers) against colonial government in Jamestown
Causes of Bacons Rebellion
Virginia becomes a royal colony
Gov not giving protection to farmers from native
Poor have no control of power
Effects of Bacons Rebellion
British see the threat of lower class
Switch from indentured servants to slaves
Introduction of slave codes to prevent uprising
Maryland
Refuge for catholics
cash crop economy
Religious freedom
Act of Toleration
Declaring religious freedom in Maryland
New England Colonies
Mass Bay
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Plymouth Colony (1620)
Puritains
Come on Mayflower
William Bradford
Governor of Plymouth
Mayflower Compact
Establish law in Plymouth
Self government
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Include Plymouth
Puritain
John Winthrop
Founder of Massachusetts Bay
City Upon a Hill speech
City Upon a Hill
John Winthrop speech
Mass Bay as a model city for Puritans
Rhode Island
Religious freedom
Many came after being banished from Mass
Roger Williams
Founded Rhode Island
Banished from Mass for questioning church
Religious and political freedom
religious tolerance
Separate religion and law
Anne Hutchinson
Banished to Rhode Island
Challenged church/male authority
Fundamental Orders (Connecticut)
Constitution for colony (self gov)
New England Colonies Characteristics
Settle in towns
decisions made by citizens
New England Economy
Lumber
Exportation
Port cities
Middle Colonies
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware
Pennsylvania
Penn’s Holy Experiment
religious freedom
fair treatment of natives
Quakers
William Penn
Founder of Pennsylvania
New York and New Jersey
British took over Dutch New Amsterdam
Middle Colonies Characteristics
Ethnically and religiously diverse
tolerant
Middle Colony Economy
Wheat and corn (bread basket)
Iron working
port cities
Southern Colonies
Carolinas and Georgia
North Carolina
Small tobacco farms
South Carolina
Wealthy growers (rice, indigo)
plantations (slaves)
Georgia
Buffer between Spanish Florida
Transatlantic Trade
Trade across the Atlantic between New and Old world
Mercantilism
balance of trade (more exports than imports)
want gold and silver
Navigation Acts
Protect British wealth
goods must be carried on British ships
run my British sailors
goods must go through England
(loosely enforced- salutary neglect)
Salutary Neglect
Little enforcement or control from the British
Powhatan Uprising
Natives attack Jamestown
Pequot Wars
Natives fight against Puritans coming to Connecticut
King Philip’s/ Metacom’s War
Metacom lead natives in uprising in Mass after treaty violations
End of NA resistance in colonies
Pueblo Revolt
Pope lead rebellion against Spanish
Successful for over a decade in driving out Spanish
First slaves (1619)
First slaves arrive in Virginia
Middle Passage
Brutal passage for slaves across Atlantic
Chattel slavery
idea that enslaved people = property
Slave Codes
restrict slaves
prevent rebellion
(after Bacons Rebellion and Stone Rebellion)
Slave resistance
rebellions
breaking tools
faking illness
Stono Rebellion
Rebellion of enslaved in South Carolina
Salem Witch Trials
Women in Salem accused of witchcraft and executed
First Great Awakening (1730s)
Religious revival
individualism
emotional preaching
rejection of traditional church leadership
Effects of First Great Awakening
New denominations
More questioning of authority
John Edwards
Preacher
preached of vengeance filled God
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” speech
New England area
George Whitefield
Preached of personal connected with god
South
Held camp meetings
Old v New Lights
Before v after great awakening preachers
Zhenger Trial
sets a precedent of freedom of the press
Note 
Flashcard (58)