APUSH Period 2 Review

Spanish Colonizers

Mostly men

In the South

Catholic

Heavily controlled by crown

British Colonizers

Families

In the Atlantic Coast

Variety of religion

Little control from crown

French and Dutch Colonizers

Fishing

Fur trade

Small population

Spanish Relations with Natives

Convert to Catholicism

Forced labor

Sneaky Spanish

English Relations with Natives

Forced removal - violent

No attempt to keep peace

Evil English

French Relations with Natives

Friendly with natives

Participate in fur trade

Friendly French

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in New World

Virginia Company

Joint stock company that chartered Jamestown in hopes of finding gold

Jamestown Initial Struggles

Brutal winters

Conflict with natives

No gold = no $$

John Smith

Put colonists to work

Recruited new colonists

John Rolfe

Learned how to grow tobacco from Pocahontas

Made lots of profits

Pocahontas

Native woman who helped Jamestown colonists grow crops

Chesapeake Colonies

Virginia (expansion of Jamestown) and Maryland

Virgina

Established plantations (need labor)

Headright System

land for anyone who can pay to bring people to Virginia

Indentured Servants

Pay off trip to Americas by signing contracts to work for certain amount of time

House of Burgesses

First elected representative assembly (Virginia)

Virginia becomes a royal colony (1624)

tobacco was not profitable

expensive conflicts

lead to Bacons Rebellion

Bacons Rebellion (1676)

Uprising of frontiersmen (former indentured servants, small farmers) against colonial government in Jamestown

Causes of Bacons Rebellion

Virginia becomes a royal colony

Gov not giving protection to farmers from native

Poor have no control of power

Effects of Bacons Rebellion

British see the threat of lower class

Switch from indentured servants to slaves

Introduction of slave codes to prevent uprising

Maryland

Refuge for catholics

cash crop economy

Religious freedom

Act of Toleration

Declaring religious freedom in Maryland

New England Colonies

Mass Bay

Rhode Island

New Hampshire

Connecticut

Plymouth Colony (1620)

Puritains

Come on Mayflower

William Bradford

Governor of Plymouth

Mayflower Compact

Establish law in Plymouth

Self government

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Include Plymouth

Puritain

John Winthrop

Founder of Massachusetts Bay

City Upon a Hill speech

City Upon a Hill

John Winthrop speech

Mass Bay as a model city for Puritans

Rhode Island

Religious freedom

Many came after being banished from Mass

Roger Williams

Founded Rhode Island

Banished from Mass for questioning church

Religious and political freedom

religious tolerance

Separate religion and law

Anne Hutchinson

Banished to Rhode Island

Challenged church/male authority

Fundamental Orders (Connecticut)

Constitution for colony (self gov)

New England Colonies Characteristics

Settle in towns

decisions made by citizens

New England Economy

Lumber

Exportation

Port cities

Middle Colonies

New York

Pennsylvania

New Jersey

Delaware

Pennsylvania

Penn’s Holy Experiment

religious freedom

fair treatment of natives

Quakers

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania

New York and New Jersey

British took over Dutch New Amsterdam

Middle Colonies Characteristics

Ethnically and religiously diverse

tolerant

Middle Colony Economy

Wheat and corn (bread basket)

Iron working

port cities

Southern Colonies

Carolinas and Georgia

North Carolina

Small tobacco farms

South Carolina

Wealthy growers (rice, indigo)

plantations (slaves)

Georgia

Buffer between Spanish Florida

Transatlantic Trade

Trade across the Atlantic between New and Old world

Mercantilism

balance of trade (more exports than imports)

want gold and silver

Navigation Acts

Protect British wealth

goods must be carried on British ships

run my British sailors

goods must go through England

(loosely enforced- salutary neglect)

Salutary Neglect

Little enforcement or control from the British

Powhatan Uprising

Natives attack Jamestown

Pequot Wars

Natives fight against Puritans coming to Connecticut

King Philip’s/ Metacom’s War

Metacom lead natives in uprising in Mass after treaty violations

End of NA resistance in colonies

Pueblo Revolt

Pope lead rebellion against Spanish

Successful for over a decade in driving out Spanish

First slaves (1619)

First slaves arrive in Virginia

Middle Passage

Brutal passage for slaves across Atlantic

Chattel slavery

idea that enslaved people = property

Slave Codes

restrict slaves

prevent rebellion

(after Bacons Rebellion and Stone Rebellion)

Slave resistance

rebellions

breaking tools

faking illness

Stono Rebellion

Rebellion of enslaved in South Carolina

Salem Witch Trials

Women in Salem accused of witchcraft and executed

First Great Awakening (1730s)

Religious revival

individualism

emotional preaching

rejection of traditional church leadership

Effects of First Great Awakening

New denominations

More questioning of authority

John Edwards

Preacher

preached of vengeance filled God

“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” speech

New England area

George Whitefield

Preached of personal connected with god

South

Held camp meetings

Old v New Lights

Before v after great awakening preachers

Zhenger Trial

sets a precedent of freedom of the press