Unit 2

demography

demography

the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations

ecumene

(5%) part of Earth occupied by permanent settlements

arithmetic density

total people/total land per square miles

physiological density

total people/unit of arable land

agricultural density

of farmers/unit of arable land

replacement rate

of kids needed to replace their parents & maintain the population (2.1)

pro-natalist

government in support of more babies

anti-natalist

government against more babies

dependency ratio

of people too young or old to work: # of people at a working age

elderly support ratio

people 65+ / # of working age people

sex ratio

of men: # of women (typically about 105:100)

rule of 70

shows a country's doubling time by having 70/the growth rate

crude birth rate

of live births per 1,000 people

crude death rate

of deaths per 1,000 people

natural increase rate

the population change, considers both CBR and CDR

infant mortality rate

of babies who die before 1 out of 1,000

stage 1 of DTM

low growth, high CBR, high CDR, most of human history

stage 2 of DTM

rapid growth, high CBR, decreasing CDR, entered during industrial or medical revolution

stage 3 of DTM

moderate growth, decreasing CBR, decreased CDR, smaller gap between the two

stage 4 of DTM

low/no growth, CBR and CDR are barely different, most MDCs

stage 5 of DTM

no/negative growth, low CBR and CDR

ethnocentrism

concept of all countries developing in due time

interdependence

the impact other countries have on another's population (ex: war)

stage 1 of ETM

pestilence & famine

stage 2 of ETM

receding pandemics

stage 3 of ETM

degenerative diseases

stage 4 of ETM

lifestyle diseases & degenerative diseases but later in life

stage 5 of ETM

reemergence of previous diseases

malthusian theory

old idea that the population is growing exponentially while the amount of food is growing in a linear pattern that won't be enough for future generations

neo-malthusians

people agreeing that future generations won't have necessary resources, although technology and development changed the original theory slightly

intervening obstacle

a political or environmental factor hindering migration (currently political)

internationally displaced person

someone forced to leave (like a refugee) but doesn’t cross any national borders

asylum seeker

migrant hoping to be recognized as a refugee

remittance

transferring money made in one country to people in another

unauthorized immigrants

people who enter the U.S. without getting necessary documents + documentation

quotas

establish the max number of immigrants who can enter a country per year

guest programs

programs for immigrants to work in protected jobs before being expected to return to their original homes