Unit 2

demography

the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations

ecumene

(5%) part of Earth occupied by permanent settlements

arithmetic density

total people/total land per square miles

physiological density

total people/unit of arable land

agricultural density

# of farmers/unit of arable land

replacement rate

# of kids needed to replace their parents & maintain the population (2.1)

pro-natalist

government in support of more babies

anti-natalist

government against more babies

dependency ratio

# of people too young or old to work: # of people at a working age

elderly support ratio

people 65+ / # of working age people

sex ratio

# of men: # of women (typically about 105:100)

rule of 70

shows a country's doubling time by having 70/the growth rate

crude birth rate

# of live births per 1,000 people

crude death rate

# of deaths per 1,000 people

natural increase rate

the population change, considers both CBR and CDR

infant mortality rate

# of babies who die before 1 out of 1,000

stage 1 of DTM

low growth, high CBR, high CDR, most of human history

stage 2 of DTM

rapid growth, high CBR, decreasing CDR, entered during industrial or medical revolution

stage 3 of DTM

moderate growth, decreasing CBR, decreased CDR, smaller gap between the two

stage 4 of DTM

low/no growth, CBR and CDR are barely different, most MDCs

stage 5 of DTM

no/negative growth, low CBR and CDR

ethnocentrism

concept of all countries developing in due time

interdependence

the impact other countries have on another's population (ex: war)

stage 1 of ETM

pestilence & famine

stage 2 of ETM

receding pandemics

stage 3 of ETM

degenerative diseases

stage 4 of ETM

lifestyle diseases & degenerative diseases but later in life

stage 5 of ETM

reemergence of previous diseases

malthusian theory

old idea that the population is growing exponentially while the amount of food is growing in a linear pattern that won't be enough for future generations

neo-malthusians

people agreeing that future generations won't have necessary resources, although technology and development changed the original theory slightly

intervening obstacle

a political or environmental factor hindering migration (currently political)

internationally displaced person

someone forced to leave (like a refugee) but doesn’t cross any national borders

asylum seeker

migrant hoping to be recognized as a refugee

remittance

transferring money made in one country to people in another

unauthorized immigrants

people who enter the U.S. without getting necessary documents + documentation

quotas

establish the max number of immigrants who can enter a country per year

guest programs

programs for immigrants to work in protected jobs before being expected to return to their original homes