________ shape a societys ideology and attitudes and are resistant (but not immune) to change over time.
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Secularism
________ is weakly institutionalized in some countries.
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Anarchism
________- a political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all.
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Ethnic identity
________- specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from others.
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Membership
________ is assigned (or ought to be) at birth.
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Citizenship
________ does not guarantee patriotism.
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Liberal democracy
________- a political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights.
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Reactionaries
________ seek to restore political, social, and economic institutions (real or imaginary)
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Conservatives
________ are skeptical of change and favor the status quo.
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Ethnic Nationalism
________: ‘ the nation precedes the state
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Fascism
________: advancement of a superior group or race.
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Culture
________: basic institutions that define a society.
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Fundamentalism
________- a view of religion as absolute and inerrant that should be legally enforced by making faith the sovereign authority.
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Ascription
________: people are born into these identities, and it remains fairly stable throughout life.
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Universalistic
________: not specific to one country or time.
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Primordialism
________: the nation originates in common culture and heritage, i.e.
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Liberals
________- those with a political attitude that favors evolutionary change and believes that existing institutions can be instruments of positive change.
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Constructivism
________: the nation is constructed through iterations of social practice that bring people together.
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Patriotism
________- pride in ones state.
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Radicals
________ are extreme liberals; reactionaries are extreme conservatives.
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National identity
________: an institution that binds people together through common political aspirations.
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Secular ideologies
________ struggle with economic challenges, demographic shifts, and social changes.
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Nation
________: a group that desires self- government, often through an independent state.
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Nationalism
________- pride in ones people and the belief that they have a unique political destiny.
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Social democracy
________- a political- economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the states management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures.
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individual liberty
Preference for ________ over state power leads to skepticism of state- supported equality.
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Instrumentalism
________: the nations originate from groups coming together to gain advantages in competing for scarce resources.
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US President Donald Trump
________ made immigration a major focus of his campaign, disparaging immigrants from Latin America and pledging to build a wall along the U.S.- Mexico border.
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Civic Nationalism
________: ‘ the state precedes the nation
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Political ideologies
________: basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality.
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Democratic Party
The ________ favors some social- democratic values, though they fall short on their European counterparts.
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Political explanations
________ emphasize state capacity or autonomy and the type of regime.
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Citizenship
________ defines an individuals relationship with the state.
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Liberalism
________- a political attitude that favors evolutionary transformation; an ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy, and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedom.
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Patriotism
________: pride in ones state.
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Social democracy
________ /socialism: balance between freedom and equality.
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Ethnic identity
________ and national identity are different but powerful identities.
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Society
a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted
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Social identity
a sense of who a person is based on membership in social groups
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Nation-state
A sovereign state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent
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Ethnic conflict
conflict between ethnic groups that struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each others expense
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National conflict
conflict between groups who seek to gain (or prevent the other from gaining) sovereignty
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Particularistic
relative to the specific context of a given country
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Political attitudes
views regarding the necessary pace and scope of change in the balance between freedom and equality
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Exemplified by five dominant modern ideologies
liberalism, communism, social democracy, fascism, and anarchism
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Universalistic
not specific to one country or time
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Political ideologies
basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality
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Liberalism
individual freedom
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Communism
economic equality
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Social democracy/socialism
balance between freedom and equality
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Fascism
advancement of a superior group or race
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Anarchism
elimination of state power
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Liberal democracy
a political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights
Studied by 4 people
