Chapter 3: Nations and Society

Cultural values

Cultural values

________ shape a societys ideology and attitudes and are resistant (but not immune) to change over time.

Secularism

________ is weakly institutionalized in some countries.

Anarchism

________- a political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all.

Ethnic identity

________- specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from others.

Membership

________ is assigned (or ought to be) at birth.

Citizenship

________ does not guarantee patriotism.

Liberal democracy

________- a political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights.

Reactionaries

________ seek to restore political, social, and economic institutions (real or imaginary)

Conservatives

________ are skeptical of change and favor the status quo.

Ethnic Nationalism

________: ‘ the nation precedes the state

Fascism

________: advancement of a superior group or race.

Culture

________: basic institutions that define a society.

Fundamentalism

________- a view of religion as absolute and inerrant that should be legally enforced by making faith the sovereign authority.

Ascription

________: people are born into these identities, and it remains fairly stable throughout life.

Universalistic

________: not specific to one country or time.

Primordialism

________: the nation originates in common culture and heritage, i.e.

Liberals

________- those with a political attitude that favors evolutionary change and believes that existing institutions can be instruments of positive change.

Constructivism

________: the nation is constructed through iterations of social practice that bring people together.

Patriotism

________- pride in ones state.

Radicals

________ are extreme liberals; reactionaries are extreme conservatives.

National identity

________: an institution that binds people together through common political aspirations.

Secular ideologies

________ struggle with economic challenges, demographic shifts, and social changes.

Nation

________: a group that desires self- government, often through an independent state.

Nationalism

________- pride in ones people and the belief that they have a unique political destiny.

Social democracy

________- a political- economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the states management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures.

individual liberty

Preference for ________ over state power leads to skepticism of state- supported equality.

Instrumentalism

________: the nations originate from groups coming together to gain advantages in competing for scarce resources.

US President Donald Trump

________ made immigration a major focus of his campaign, disparaging immigrants from Latin America and pledging to build a wall along the U.S.- Mexico border.

Civic Nationalism

________: ‘ the state precedes the nation

Political ideologies

________: basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality.

Democratic Party

The ________ favors some social- democratic values, though they fall short on their European counterparts.

Political explanations

________ emphasize state capacity or autonomy and the type of regime.

Citizenship

________ defines an individuals relationship with the state.

Liberalism

________- a political attitude that favors evolutionary transformation; an ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy, and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedom.

Patriotism

________: pride in ones state.

Social democracy

________ /socialism: balance between freedom and equality.

Ethnic identity

________ and national identity are different but powerful identities.

Society

a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted

Social identity

a sense of who a person is based on membership in social groups

Nation-state

A sovereign state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent

Ethnic conflict

conflict between ethnic groups that struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each others expense

National conflict

conflict between groups who seek to gain (or prevent the other from gaining) sovereignty

Particularistic

relative to the specific context of a given country

Political attitudes

views regarding the necessary pace and scope of change in the balance between freedom and equality

Exemplified by five dominant modern ideologies

liberalism, communism, social democracy, fascism, and anarchism

Universalistic

not specific to one country or time

Political ideologies

basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality

Liberalism

individual freedom

Communism

economic equality

Social democracy/socialism

balance between freedom and equality

Fascism

advancement of a superior group or race

Anarchism

elimination of state power

Liberal democracy

a political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights