PCOM LESSON 1

The digital age

The digital age

also called the information age, is defined as the time period starting in the 1970s with the introduction of the personal computer with subsequent technology introduced providing the ability to transfer information freely and quickly.

COMMUNICATION

derived from Latin word ‘communis’, which means common.

COMMUNICATION

It is a process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions, and a means that individuals or organizations share meaning and understanding with one another.

John Dewey

According to ______, communication is a process of sharing experience till it becomes a common possession. It modifies the disposition of both parties who partakes it

Edgar Dale

According to _____, Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality

Aristotle

According to _____, Communication is a means of persuasion to influence other so that desired effect is achieved

Context

• Communication is affected by the this in which it takes place. This may be physical, social, chronological or cultural. Every communication proceeds with this.

Sender / Encoder

is a person who sends the message. Makes use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the required response.

Message

is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It must be ensured that the main objective of the this is clear.

Encoding

The process of conversion of subject matter into symbols is called

Medium

is a means used to exchange / transmit the message

Written medium

when a message has to be conveyed to a small group of people

oral medium

is chosen when spontaneous feedback is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are cleared then and there.

Recipient / Decoder

• is a person for whom the message is intended / aimed / targeted

Decoding

– It is the process of translation of an encoded message into ordinary understandable language.

Feedback

• is the main component of communication process as it permits the sender to analyze the efficacy of the message.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Is an exchange of information using words including both the spoken and the written word.

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Information is exchanged through non-verbal communication in various ways. It is sometimes referred as body language.

SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION

It involves the verbal and nonverbal symbolism to convey meaning.

METACOMMUNICATION

It is ‘communication about communication’ so that the deeper ‘message within a message’ can be uncovered and understood.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

It is the best method when the communicator and the recipient are beyond oral communication media.

Intrapersonal

is language use or thought internal to the communicator. The thought process or communication with one person or one's self

Dyadic

- This communication between two people. It may be face to face, or  such as ordinary conversation, dialogs, or interviews.

Tryadic

-This communication is participated by three people.

Small Group

- More than three people communicate. This is the enlarge type of communication usually done to solve problems. The committee, panel, symposium,

PUBLIC

This involves communication between one and several other people. This is the large group type of communication.

MASS COMMUNICATION

is communicating with a large number of people using the mass media like television, radio and newspaper

ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS

These barriers arise when duties and line of authority are not clearly defined.

PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS

these barriers are things that occur in the minds or inner self of a person. It comes from within the listeners.

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

these barriers are things that can actually be heard, smelled using one or more of the senses which keep messages from being heard.

MECHANICAL BARRIERS

Non availability of proper machines

Presence of defective machines

Interruption

Power failure

Weak/poor signal/internet connection

PERCEPTIONAL BARRIERS

Ø Lack of common experience.

ØLinguistic- different languages and vocabulary.

ØLack of knowledge of any language.

ØFrom receiver’s side: interrupting the speaker; asking too many questions for the sake of probing

ØFrom sender’s side: unclear messages; incomplete sentences, no clarification.

MULTIMODAL TEXTS

Are characterized by the combination of the five different modes of communication: linguistic, visual, gestural, audio, spatial

VISUAL

The mode refers to the images and characters that people see.

AURAL

The mode is focused on sound including, but not limited to, music, sound effects, ambient noises, silence, tone of voice in spoken language, volume of sound, emphasis, and accent.

GESTURAL

The mode “refers to the way movement is interpreted. Facial expressions, hand gestures, body language, and interaction between people are all gestural modes

LINGUISTIC (OR ALPHABETIC)

The mode refers to written or spoken words. The mode includes word choice, the delivery of written or spoken text, the organization of words into sentences and paragraphs, and the development and coherence of words and ideas.

SPATIAL

The mode, as the name implies, refers to the arrangement of elements in space. It involves the organization of items and the physical closeness between people and objects.