1850s Test

What gets us progression

time and monet

the transcendentalist movement

intutative, spiritual thinking instead of science and materials. progressive social movement. Divinity in nature and humanity

People of Transcendentalist movement

• Henry David Throw; Ralf Waldo Emerson

• Edgar Allen Poe (gothic horror)

• Herman Melville (Moby dick)

• Walt Whitman (O’Captain, My’Captain; Lincoln)

• Mark Twain (most works post civil war)

Hudson River School

art focuses on landscape; Hudson river valley, catskills,

Thomas Cole

The South’s Biggest Fear

slave uprising; abolitionist meddling

Nat Turner 1831 slave rebellion

local homestead. 60 people killed no one spared. All slaves are caught and executed. Many other slave revolts (250).

We are all salves to the southern slave masters

the elite, rich, in-power southerns have control of the house which appointed to the senate

Lewis Tappan (NY) 1834

home sacked, worked with JQA for slaves freedom in the Amistad case

Garrison (MA) 1835

nerly lynched by a mob in Boston. Against the Constitution, burnt it and tore it up. The Liberator

Eligah Lovejoy (IL) 1837

murdered after protecting his printing press. Inspired John Brown

Fredrick Douglas

• Escaped slave (sailor clothes, New York to MA)

• accomplished orator- help popular opinion

• strong in abolition

• refugee in Europe

• North Star Newspaper

• Social reformer for radical injustice nad womens rights

• w/ Garrison and Lincoln- ambassador to HAti under BH

Harriet Tubman

nurse, spy, conductor for undergrown railroad. Held a weapon. Over 300 helped and never lost anyone. Nickname of Moses,. Bounty of $40,000

Dred Scott

One of the worst Supreme Court Cases.

• travels with doctor and dies so he gets past down to his daughters husband

• sues for his freedom because he spent time in Minnesota,

• Rodger Taney: the Cheif justice; catholic. Rules that slaves do not have citizens rights; just because you live there you are not free; 5th amendment, they are property and do not have rights, it is the governments duty to protect property;

  • slave country

    • Missouri Compromise is uncosntitutional

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle Tom’s Cabbin. Best seller on Earth, more in Europe. Saw children being removed from parents. Humanized slavery. Father shipped guns to bleeding Kansas

JQA

only abolitionist president. Gag rule removed

The only way to fix slavery is

to fix the constitution.

• 13 ammendment

• pass it quick before the south enter the union again

antebellum

before the war

mason-dixie line

symbolixed N vs S in the civil war. Boarder is bottom of PA

Bleeding Kansas

violent fight between slave holders and abolitionists due to the ruling of popular soverginty. PErvasion of democracy. Let people

libery gives hope

when hope is taken, people rebel

Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the other that have been tried

Winston Churchill

America is great because she is good, and if America ever ceases to be good, than she will cease to be great

Tocqueviller

Wilmont-Proviso (1846) (Battle in Cingress)

efforts by anti-slavery congressmen to ban slavery in the land gained from the Mexican cession

• divide widens between slavery and free states.

• goes to senate bc the split land means split representing

• fails but there is fear of north>south

• popular soverignty declared + kansas

• south is mad at this plan bc they fought for it

  • proclaimation of 1763

  • in California: russia takes north of CA and Spain is south

california

the bear Flag republic.

31st state

Sep 9th 1850

Bear flag revolt

when we go to wa with Mexico, we tell California to declare independence. Stockton is offshore. Free for 9 years

gold discovered in 1848

sutters mill near Sacramento; couple days before the Treaty of Velasco

• Polk lets word of gold spread which encourages a population rush. this gives enough people to make a state

  • could have taken it all for government or himself

  • sell it

• “gold fever” San francisco 49s

  • split families; fathers dont come back

  • only people who rich are the distributers

compromise of 1850

california is a free state

3 routes to califronia

• cape horn

• overland route

• ishmus of Panama route

who got there the cheapest and fastest

the chinese

• outcasted by society

• famous for railroad +irish

• exclusionary act- first

when we added California, what did we contribute to

the inequality of free and slave states

the big 3 on california

• Calhoun: slave states can succeed from uniton, sessesion is a constitutional issue; north is in violation

• Webster: union must stay together

• Clay: comes up with Compromise of 1850. W/stephan douglas passes it by breaking it into sections. Get rid of Missouri compromise

Compromise of 1850 each side

South	North
popular soverginty in Mexico session	california is free
slave holding in DC	no slave trade in DC
strong fugative stlave law enforced by everyone including govenment.	population for statehood
judge is paid more to call a man a slave
makes unconstitutional laws against it

fugative slave act (biggest southern W)

required north to help and return slaves

fines and jail if you didnt

federal government paid to enforcce with tax dollars

resulted in vicil disobedience; north would not help temptest emerges in decade

General Zach Taylor(1848)

• Filmore takes over after 1 yr and 3 months

• Last Whig

• 12th president

• used force to keep union together

• Dems split on slavery

• regianal army

• never voted in election

• slave owner. okay to stop; liked california

• no education

• politically unaware

• last southerner unitl Wilson; 65 years

One term northern southern sympathisers

• 13- Millard Fillmore (North Whig) 1848 NY

  • taylor vp

  • pro slavery to preserve union

  • strong fugative slave act, alients north, whigs split, last whig

• 14- Franklin Pierce (North Dem) 1852 NH

  • abolitionist is a threat ot unity; hates it

  • kansas-nebraska act, no troops, south sympathisers

  • strong fug slave act

  • youngest elected; son died 11 days before

• 15-James Buchanan (North Dem) 1856 PA

  • moraly opposed to slavery but its protected by constitution

  • defust first repub fremont

  • sided with pro-slavery as stated in Constitution

  • would not send troops when states succeeded; sat back and watched America break

about southern symphathisesr

you may not like 13-15 but they all stuck to constitution

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

by:Stephan Douglas

• Kansas transcontinental railroad- chicago

• popular sovereignty bends to southern will take back compromise 34 years later

• maybe to line his own pockets

Lincoln says popular sovereignty is

“A pervasion of democracy”

After the Kansas-nebraska act

congress gives up leadership on slavery; pro-slavery legeslation passes

in bleeding Kansas ___ died

over 200

Toppling of Whigs

• Souther to democrats

• North Republicans

• American party

  • knows nothing

  • working class

  • filmore

tensions increase in

South Carolina, strenghens during burning kansas

boarder ruffians

missourians who traveled to Kansas to throw votes for slavery

Lecompton Compromise 1857

• southern pro-slavery advocates for Kansas statehood

• protecting slave holding; excluded Free Blacks from Bill of Rights

  • VETOED and REJECTED

    • house controlled by northerns

    • Buchanan supports

    • no clue how to stop bleeding kansas

kansas statehood

1861; free

Dred Scott vs Sandord (3/61/1857)

1. African Americans, free or not, were not citizens of america

2. a soujour in a free state does not make a slave free

3. Congress did not have the power to limit a states right to slavery

4. slaves are property, property is protected by government and constitution

“House Divided” June 16th, 1858

• Lincoln speech about Southern pro-slavery conspiring

• Tanney, Douglas, pierce, buchanan

  • norhternes who claimed to be against slavery but they helped the south

• Since 1850, theyve been conspiring

• bible: a house dividied agaisnt itself can not stand

South Weslth 1860

South financily tried to slavery, 60% of all agricultural wealth

• 3 billion invested in slavery

  • more than railroads + manufacturing

lincoln-douglas debates Aug 25- oct 15 1858

Douglas	Lincoln
well known	challenger (ex whig)
incumnant	not known
kansas nebraska act
moderate on slavery popular soverginty

outcomes of debates

• douglas wins

• while Lincoln looses, he gets noteriety

• republican nomination

• south despises him

• Lincoln pubically disgusted by slavery but not an abolitionists

Freport Docterine

Lincoln asks Douglas “would our allow the people of a state to legally exclude slavery”

• dad of popular sovereignty, but does he side with dred scott

• chop fanbase

Douglas: local government make anti slavery laws drawing out slavery

ex: slave tax

democat views

• sucession

• pro slavery

• states rights

• southern whigs

whigs

• northern

• american

  • ignore slavery

  • filmore

• republican

  • freemont

  • lincoln (moderate)

lincoln

• anti slavery but should not be vilent

  • more with Garrison that John brown

• expansion is abomination against the founders

• understatds constitutionality