2024 7th grade Final Exam Vocabulary

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120 Terms

1

state the problem/pose a question

1st step of the scientific method

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2

research/gather information

2nd step of the scientific method

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3

hypothesis

3rd step of the scientific method

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4

experiment

4th step of the scientific method

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5

collect and organize data

5th step of the scientific method

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6

conclusion

6th step of the scientific method

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7

communicate what you have learned

7th step of the scientific method

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8

controlled experiment

experiment that only includes one manipulated variable

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9

qualitative observations

observations that describe without numbers or amounts. ex. The desk is black

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10

quantitative observations

observations that include a number/amount. ex. There are twenty-two students in the class.

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11

manipulated variable

the variable purposely changed in the experiment (MIX)

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12

responding variable

the variable that changes as a result/due to the manipulated variable (DRY)

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13

inference

an explanation of your observations (past/present tense)

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14

prediction

what might happen in the future

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15

Dependent, Responding, Y axis

DRY in DRY MIX

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16

Manipulated, Independent, X axis

MIX in DRY MIX

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17

Metric System

It is the universal language of measurement. It is based on the number 10 so conversions are simple

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18

meter

length base unit

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19

gram

mass base unit

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20

liter or cm3

volume base unit

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21

celsius

temperature base unit

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22

volume

the amount of space something takes up

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23

length X width X height

how to find the volume for a rectangular shaped objects

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24

displacement method

We use this method for irregularly shaped objects because we can't measure their length, width, height: find the initial volume of water, then place object in water and subtract the initial volume from new volume. The difference in volume is the volume of the object.

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25

chromosomes

made up of a number of genes which are made of DNA. They control our traits and are passed on from parent to offspring

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26

46

how many chromosomes a human body cell has

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27

23

how many chromosomes a sex cell has

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28

dominant allele

always shows whether you have 1 or 2 copies

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29

recessive allele

may be hidden by the dominant and only shows when you have 2

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30

Natural Selection

theory states that the individuals best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce to pass on their favorable traits to offspring.

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31

Charles Darwin

developed the theory of natural selection

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32

diversity

important because it ensures that at least some of a species will survive. You never know which traits will be helpful in the future. If all were identical, whole species could go extinct at once.

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33

cell membrane

controls what enters and leaves the cell.

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34

cytoplasm

jelly-like substance that the organelles float in. Provides cushioning and support.

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nuclear membrane

controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

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36

nucleus

control center of the cell

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37

chromosomes

passes genetic information along from generation to generation.

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38

Contains the instructions to direct the cell's functions.

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39

nucleolus

produces ribosomes

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endoplasmic reticulum

A system of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

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ribosomes

produce proteins

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mitochondria

Power house of the cell. Site of cellular respiration. Convert energy in food molecules to energy that the cell can use

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vacuoles

Store food, water and waste

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lysosomes

Contain enzymes that break down food particles and worn-out cell parts. (Rare in plants)

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45

cell wall

Plant cells only. Give plants a rigid; boxlike shape.

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46

chloroplasts

Plant cells only. Site of photosynthesis.

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respiration

Food (glucose) combines with oxygen to release energy. Occurs in both plant and animal cells

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48

ATP energy

glucose + oxygen --> ___________ + carbon dioxide + water in the equation for which respiration

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49

cells

All living things are made of _______

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50

chemicals of life

Living things contain carbohydrates, fats/lipids, proteins, water and nucleic acids (DNA). We call these the ______________________

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energy

Living things release and use _______ (metabolism)

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52

reproduction

Living things come from other living things of the same species

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53

response

The reaction of living things to stimuli in their environment

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54

growth and development

Living things get larger in size and become more complex (acquire new skills or abilities)

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characteristics

cells, chemicals of life, energy use, reproduction, response, growth and development are the 6 _______________ of living things

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living space

4 basic needs of livings things are homeostasis , food, water and __________________

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homeostasis

involves keeping the same conditions inside the organism regardless of the changing conditions outside the organism

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unicellular

An organism that is made up of only one single cell.

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59

multicellular

An organism that is made up of more than one cell.

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cell

basic unit of structure and function in living things

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tissue

a group of cells performing a similar function

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organ

a group of tissues working together for a similar function

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63

organ system

a group of organs working for a common purpose

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organism

a group of systems working together

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nerve

type of tissue that sends messages throughout body (ex. brain, spinal cord)

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66

muscle

type of tissue that contracts to cause movement

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(ex. bicep, along digestive tract)

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epithelial

tissue type that acts as a protective layer

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69

(ex. skin, inside mouth)

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connective

type of tissue that gives shape and structure, unites parts of body

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(ex. bone, blood, tendon, cartilage)

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movement

the five major functions of the skeletal system are: shape and support, ______________________, protection, production of red blood cells, and storage of minerals

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73

skeletal

type of muscle that is voluntary and striated

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(ex. bicep, quadricep)

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smooth

type of muscle that is involuntary, not striated

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(ex. digestive organs, diaphragm, bladder)

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cardiac

type of muscle that is involuntary and striated (ex. heart ONLY)

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78

digestive system

Take in food, break down food, absorb nutrients and get rid of solid wastes. Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination.

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79

stomach, small intestine

order of digestive system: mouth, Esophagus, ________________, ________________________, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus

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80

arteries, veins, capillaries

3 types of blood vessels

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81

heart

main organ of the circulatory system

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82

circulatory system

carries needed materials to cells (food & oxygen) and carries waste products away from cells (carbon dioxide & wastes).

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red blood cells

blood part that carries oxygen

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84

white blood cells

part of blood that fights disease

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85

respiratory

system that brings oxygen into your body and gets rid of carbon dioxide

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86

trachea

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx,______________, Bronchus, Bronchioles, 7 Alveoli (Lungs)

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oxygen and carbon dioxide

gases that are exchanged at the end of the respiratory path

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88

contracts

your diaphragm does this to inhale

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89

nervous system

receives information from inside and outside the body and directs how the body responds (if at all.) It coordinates the functioning of all body systems.

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90

brain and spinal cord

make up the central nervous system

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91

skeletal system

made up of bones and ligaments

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92

Ecology

The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment

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93

Ecosystem

A community of organisms living in the same area along with their nonliving surroundings.

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94

Population

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area

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95

Community

Two or more populations of different species living in the same area

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96

Species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

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97

producer

An organism that is able to produce its own food, also known as an autotroph.

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98

Consumer

An organism that must eat other organisms to obtain energy, also known as a heterotroph.

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99

biotic factors

The living, or once living components of a habitat

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100

abiotic factors

Nonliving components of environment.

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