N362 Cardiac infections

endocardium

myocardium

epicardium

layers of the heart

pericarditis

inflammation of the pericardial sac

sub-clavicular sharp chest pain

friction rub

increased WBC, sec rate, CRP

S/Sx of pericarditis

turning or lying flat

when does pericarditis pain worsen

leaning forward or sitting

when does pericarditis pain improve

bed rest

morphine

corticosteroids

NSAIDs

nursing care for pericarditis

Endocarditis

life-threatening inflammation of the inner lining of heart chambers and valves

heart valves get damaged or destroyed

what can happen if endocarditis is not treated quickly

IV antibiotics (6+ weeks)

treatment for endocarditis

poor dental hygiene

cardiac disease

COVID

IV drug user

central line access

risk factors for endocarditis

stabilize

monitor for sepsis

admin IV antibiotics

holistic care

nursing care for endocarditis

clammy, cool skin

tachycardia

decrease BP

increase RR

increase WBC

S/Sx of sepsis

echo

cardiac cath

MRI/CT

diagnostic testing for valvular disorders

stenosis

obstruction of blood flow where valve doesn’t open completely

fatigue

SOB

cough

irregular, weak pulse

murmur

S/Sx of stenosis

regurgitation

valve doesn’t close tightly which allows blood to flow backward

SOB

fatigue

lightheadedness

rapid, fluttering pulse

S/Sx of regurgitation

mechanical valves

don’t deteriorate or become infected as easily

thrombogenic

require life-long anticoagulation therapy

disadvantages of mechanical valves

Xenograft

pig or cow valve

homograft

human valve

autograft

own pt valve

balloon valvuloplasty

less invasive surgical intervention for valvular stenosis

widens a narrowed heart valve by inflating a balloon at the site