Mutagenesis & p53 Activation

FINAL

removes the most commonly damaged nitrogenous base during the lifetime of a cell

Uracil-DNA glycosylase

activates Chk2 kinase

ATM Kinase

mutagen produced during ethanol detoxification by the liver

acetylaldehyde

modifies p53 specifically to keep its concentration low within the cell

Mdm2

primary ROS that can cause DNA damage

superoxide

molecule that gives "redheads" their distinctive hair color AND that can be radicalized to create DNA damage in the dark

dopaquinone

phosphorylates serine 15 of p53 to allow binding of CBP

ATM Kinase

loading clamp utilized by p21 to direct DNA Polymerase delta to sites of DNA repair

PCNA

phosphorylates serine 20 of p53 to prevent its proteolysis

Chk2 kinase

subunit ligated to proteins to target them for proteolysis

ubiquitin

mutagen that actively promotes lung cancers in response to inhaled smoke

Benzo(a)pyrene

mutagen that produces thymine cyclobutane dimers

UV light

creates "nicks" on damaged strands of DNA to begin the process of replacement by DNA polymerase delta

repair endonuclease

transcription factor associated with activation of DNA repair and apoptosis

p53

DNA binding site for the transcription factor required for expression of p21 and Bax

p53 response element

activated most directly by the formation of single-strand and double-strand breaks in DNA

ATM Kinase