Muscular System/Upper Limb

What flexor muscles are in the deep layer?

Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus 

What flexor muscles are in the intermediate layer?

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis 

What flexor muscles are in the superficial layer?

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Radialis 

The flexors of the wrist (carpus) and *fingers* (digits) take up most of the ______ compartment of the forearm, arising as a group from the medial ____, the upper ____ and ____, and the intervening ________ membrane.

anterior, epicondyle, radius, ulna, interosseous

FPL

Flexor pollicis longus

FDP

Flexor digitorum profundus

FDS

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

The deep layer of muscles in the anterior forearm lie in contact with what?

The radius and ulna

In the deep layer of muscles in the anterior forearm, flexor pollicis longus lies in what half?

Radial

In the deep layer of muscles in the anterior forearm, flexor digitorum profundus lies in what half?

Ulnar

The superficial layer of muscles is seen just under the skin and thin ______ _______.

superficial fascia

 The intermediate layer (*flexor digitorum superficialis,* FDS) exists between the _____ and _____ groups.

superficial, deep

Anterior

palmar

The tendons of FDS insert where?

On the sides of the middle phalanges

In the anterior (palmar) fingers, note how the tendons of FDS split at the level of the proximal phalanges, permitting…

the deeper (posterior) tendons of FDP to pass on through the bases of the distal phalanges.

What extensor muscles are in the deep layer?

Extensor Indicis, Extensor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis 

What extensor muscles are in the superficial layer?

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Abductor Pollicis Longus 

The extensors of the wrist and fingers arise from the ____ epicondyle and upper parts of the bones and interosseous membrane of the forearm, forming an _____ compartment on the _____ side of the forearm.

lateral, extensor, posterior

The wrist extensors insert on the distal carpal bones or metacarpals, while the finger extensors form what?

An expansion of tendon over the middle and distal phalanges to which the small intrinsic muscles of the hand insert

The wrist extensor muscles are critical to hand function. The power of the hand exists only with an…

extended wrist

The thenar eminence consists of what three muscles?

Opponens Pollicis, Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis 

A palpable bulge of muscles just proximal to the thumb.

Thenar eminence

The thenar muscles ___ */*___ in the same general area as one another; however, their different orientation orders different functions.

arise/insert

The hypothenar eminence consists of what muscles?

Opponens Digiti Minimi, Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis 

The muscles in the hypothenar eminence move what digit?

The 5th

The muscles in the hypothenar eminence are complementary to the _____ muscles in ____ and _____.

thenar, attachment, function

What muscles are in the deep muscle group (intrinsics)?

Adductor Pollicis, Palmar Interosseus, Dorsal Interosseus, Lumbrical 

What muscle in concert with the first dorsal interosseous muscle provides great strength in grasping an object between thumb and index finger?

Adductor pollicis

 The *____* and ____ muscles insert into expanded finger extensor tendons forming a complex mechanism for flexing the _____ joints and extending the _____ joints.

interossei, lumbrical, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal

By flexing their phalangeal insertions, the interossei do what to certain digits?

abduct/adduct