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fluo
to flow
Fluorine
a pale yellow gas having a characteristic odor similar to ozone and chlorine
Fluorine
most reactive, electronegative element
Fluorine. F2
best oxidizing agent among the halogens
Hydrofluoric acid
attacks or etches glass > “frosted surface“
Sodium fluoride or Calcium fluoride
(fluorine) antiseptic at low concentration
Sodium fluoride or Calcium fluoride
dental prophylactic - prevents dental carries
Sodium fluoride or Calcium fluoride
antiseptic at low concentration
dental prophylactic - prevents dental carries
water disinfectant
Zn fluosilicate solution
rinse for washing diaper acting as bactericide
CCl2F2
Freon-12 (a chlorofluorocarbon, CFC)
Teflon
polymer of tetrafluoroethylene
Teflon
used as container of HF
Chlorine
“dephologisticated muriatic acid“
Chlorine
“oxygenated muriatic acid“
Chlorine
greenish yellow gas having a suffocating odor and astringent taste
Sodium hypochlorite
5% NaOCl - laundry bleaching agent
Labarraque’s Solution
NaOCl diluted with equal volume of water
Modified Dakin’s Solution
diluted NaOCl solution (0.5%)
Hyclorite
Chlorinated soda solution
Hyclorite
Modified Dakin’s Solution
(chlorine) Disinfectant, irrigating solution for wound
Bleaching Powder
Chlorinated Lime, Chloride of Lime
Bleaching Powder
CaOCl(Cl) H2O
Halazone
(chlorine) Water disinfectant
Chlorine dioxide
2.5x more effective than chlorine in water disinfection
Chlorine dioxide
destroys unpleasant tastes and odors in water
not economical
Hydrochloric acid
“muriatic acid”
Hydrochloric acid
(chlorine) neutralizing, stabilizing or solubilizing agent
Na, K and Ca chlorides
electrolyte replenisher (Ringer’s solution)
Sodium chloride
“rock salt“
Sodium chloride
renders solution to be isotonic
prescription “fiat isotonic collyrium“
0.9% NaCl
Normal saline solution (NSS)
physiological salt solution
Ammonium Chloride
Muriate of Ammonia
Ammonium Chloride
Sal ammoniac
Bromine
dark reddish-brown fuming liquid with unpleasant odor
psychic weakness, poor memory, sexual impotence
Bromism - bromide rashes
inorganic bromides toxicity
Bromine, Br2
Very irritant poison and powerful escharotic
Koppeschaar’s Solution
0.1 N bromine solution
Koppeschaar’s Solution
used in determination of phenols
Iodine
grayish black solid having metallic luster and characteristic penetrating odor
1g : 2950 mL of water
Solubility of Iodine
Iodine
reddish brown in polar solvents (water)
Iodine
violet in nonpolar solvents (CS2 CCL4, Chloroform)
cornstarch or sodium thiosulfate
antidote for elementary I2
Strong Iodine solution
“Lugol’s solution“
Strong Iodine solution
5% iodine solution
Strong Iodine solution
anti-goiterogenic
NaI or KI
enhance the solubility of iodine through the formation of triiodide ion
Iodine solution
2% iodine solution with NaI (more preferable than KI, more tolerable in tissues)
Iodine tincture
2% iodine solution solution in 50% alcohol w/ NaI
Iodine tincture
More irritating than iodine solution
Iodine tincture
does not freeze in cold weather
Sodium iodide
solubilizing agent in iodine solution
Iodized oil
Iodine in vegetable oil
Iodized oil
act as iodide
Phenolated Iodine solution
“Boulton’s solution“
Phenolated Iodine solution
“French mixture“
Phenolated Iodine solution
“Carbolized iodine solution“
Iodine-131
radioactive iodine for thyroid diseases and cancer
phenobarbitals
bromine is replaced by ____
emetic
strong solution of NaCl
gastric acidifier
Diluted HCl
freon-12
refrigerant
CCl2F2