Responding to Racism and Discrimination in Canada: 1890-1914

Flashcards about the different groups responding to racism and discrimination in Canada during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Segregated

Purposely separated, often referring to the separation of different racial groups in a society or institution.

Coloured Hockey League of the Maritimes

A league founded to give Black hockey players a chance to play the sport, which became very popular, even with white audiences.

Porters

Black men hired as servants on the Intercolonial Railway (ICR) who faced discrimination in wages, working hours, and union membership.

Italian Workers

Southern European men, including Greeks and Italians, who were recruited to fill temporary labor needs in industries like railway, mining, and lumber during the early 1900s.

International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union

A union created by Jewish leaders that helped Jewish workers maintain their culture by not working on Jewish holidays and allowing them to speak Yiddish at work.

Assimilation policies

Policies implemented by the federal government, starting with the 1876 Indian Act, aimed at forcing First Nations to assimilate by living on reserves, attending residential schools, and banning traditional ceremonies.

Songhees

A First Nations group who resisted government attempts to acquire their reserve land in Victoria, British Columbia, negotiating for cash payments, a new reserve, and continued hunting/fishing rights.

Residential schools

Schools established by the Canadian government in partnership with Christian churches to assimilate First Nations children by separating them from their families and culture.

Potlatch

A ceremonial feast practiced by First Nations of the Pacific Coast involving gift-giving or destruction to demonstrate wealth and strengthen community relationships.

Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA)

An organization that provided young, single women with safe, affordable housing and training schools to learn job skills.

Victorian Order of Nurses

A nursing organization created by Lady Aberdeen to train young women to become visiting nurses in rural and isolated areas.

Domestic science

A field of study focused on food safety, nutrition, and hygiene, promoted by Adelaide Hoodless after the death of her son.

Women's Institutes

Organizations founded to educate women about domestic science, with over 500 institutes established across Canada in the early 1900s.

Social gospel

A Protestant movement that emerged in the late 1800s to address social problems like poverty by applying Christian values and promoting social reform.

Coloured Women's Club of Montréal

An organization founded by wives of Black porters in Montréal to fight poverty and discrimination and support Black families.