AP Biology Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell

Practice flashcards based on Chapter 4 notes from AP Biology, covering essential concepts about cell structure and function.

What are the two types of cells identified in biology?

Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells.

What defines a unicellular organism?

An organism composed of only one cell.

Which type of cell contains membrane-bound organelles?

Eukaryotic cells.

What are organelles?

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells.

Where is most of the DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?

In the nucleus.

What is the structure that carries genes in the form of DNA?

Chromosomes.

What type of cell has a cell wall made of cellulose?

Plant cells.

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Performing protein synthesis.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Shipping, receiving, sorting, and modifying products from the endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the role of lysosomes?

Digesting macromolecules using hydrolytic enzymes.

What is phagocytosis?

A type of endocytosis in which large particles or small organisms are taken up by a cell.

What is the primary difference between smooth ER and rough ER?

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes, while rough ER has ribosomes on its surface.

What process occurs in mitochondria?

Cellular respiration.

What evidence supports the endosymbiont theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes, their own DNA, and ribosomes.

What are the three main types of cytoskeleton fibers?

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

What is the function of the extracellular matrix?

It provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

What type of cytoskeletal fibers are involved in muscle contraction?

Microfilaments.

What structure anchors cilia and flagella in the cell?

Basal bodies.

What is the composition of a plant cell wall?

Microfibrils made of cellulose embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and protein.

What do chloroplasts do?

Conduct photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy.