Biology first semester

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Biology

Cells

53 Terms

1

What are prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and are unicellular.

Ex.Bacteria

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2

What are eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have nucleus and are multicellular.

Ex. Animals

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3

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis keeps everything in balanced.

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4

What is cellular transport?

Cellular transport is the movement of ions and molecules.

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5

What is ATP?

ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate is energy.

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6

anaerobic

no oxygen.

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7

Aerobic

uses oxygen

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8

Passive

No energy

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9

Active

Uses energy

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10

DNA

Double stranded, Deoxyribose, Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine

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11

RNA

Single stranded, ribose, adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine.

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12

Cell Respiration

1.Glycolysis-Ananerobic, cytoplasm, covert into useable form.

2.Krebs cycle- aerobic, inside mitochondria.

3.Electron Transport- aerobic, mitochondria, transfer to protein chambers.

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13

Cell cycle

interphase- cells grows and replicates DNA, cell function G1-cell grows S-replicates DNA G2-cell grows.

Mitosis- splits cells, Pro-spindle forms, nucleus breaks down Meta- move to middle/ line up in the middle Ana- moves aways from the middle, opposites sides Telo- two cells.

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14

Cytokinesis

after telophase, spits the two cells.

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15

Cancer

cell out of control, go under mitosis faster

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16

DNA(coding)

ATCG

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17

mRNA(coding)

UAGC

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18

Transcription

Write DNA into a message

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19

Protein Synthesis

DNA turns into Protein

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20

Mono

2 genotypes

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21

dihy

4 genotypes

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22

Translation

Make proteins, bring amino acids together

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23

Non Medelian inheritance

do not segregate

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24

Heterozygous

2 different pairs

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25

Homozygous

Same pairs

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26

Meiosis

Pro1- cross over chromosomes Pro2- spindle form

Meta1- pairs middle Meta2-single file

Ana1- pulls aways Ana2- choromo pull away

Telo1- two cells Telo2- four cells

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27

Carbs

Energy, structure, mono ,ends-ose CHO

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28

Lipids

Insulation stores, Glycerol + fatty acids CHO

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29

Proteins

Muscle, Enzymes, structure, amino acids CHON

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30

Nucleic

store, transmit, hereditary, nucleotide, CHONP

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31

photosynthesis equation

6CO2+ 6H2O———C6H12O6+6O2

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32

Cell respiration equation

C6H12O6+6O2———6CO2+6H2O2+ATP

same as photo but switch the reactants and products

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33

Enzymes

ends in-ase

speed up reactions, have ideal climates, can make or break substances

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34

Active sites

they have specific substrates

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35

Nitrogen cycle

Producers take in nitrogen compounds in soil and pass it to consumers

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36

Carbon cycle

Carbon is recycled through respiration or photosynthesis etc

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37

Symbiosis

Permanent, close association between organisms

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38

Mutualism

Relationship that benefits both parties/organisms

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39

Commensalism

One organism benefits but the other doesn’t(toxic relationship)

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40

Parasitism

One benefits but harms the other

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41

Primary succession

Pioneer organism lichens and mosses

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42

Secondary succession

Changes that take place after the area was destroyed weeds and grasses

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43

Transport system plant

Xylem and Phloem

Xy- carries water roots to leaves

Ph-carries glucose leaves to plant

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44

Reproductive system plant

Female-pistils ovary

Male stamen pollen

Both create offspring

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45

Response system plant

Plant hormones

Light-photo

Up-gravity

Touch-thigmtro

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46
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47

Are Viruses living?

They are not considered living, they aren’t composed of cell

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48

Lytic cycle

Virus attached to the host cell injects its nucleic acid into the host, replicates, host burst and releases the virus

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49

Lysogenic cycle

Host is infected but does not die immediately instead the DNA is replicated and lays dormant-then the lytic cycle

Can burst years after first infection

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50

Can Viruses be cured?

Viruses can not be cured using antibiotics

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51

Dichotomous keys

It’s a device that aids in identifying a biological specimen, offers two alternatives/list, can be used for identification

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52

Archaebacteria

Prokaryotic, unicellular, live in harsh environments, both auto and heterotrophs, cell walls without peptidoglycan

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53

Eubacteria

Prokaryotic, unicellular, auto and heterotrophic, cell wall with peptidoglycan, vaccines and antibodies

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