Science 8 - Unit 1-5 + Unit 2-2 - Test Review

species

species

a group of organisms that are very closely related

genus

this classification level includes similar species

domain

this classification level represents the largest differences among organisms

bacteria

this domain is made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell divison

archaea

this domain is made up of prokaryotes that live in harsh environments

eukarya

this domain is made up of eukaryotes that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

protista

a group of eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as fungi, plants, or animals

fungi

spore-producing organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment

plantae

multicellular creatures that have cell walls, mostly made of cellulose and do photosynthesis

animalia

multicellular organisms that lack cell walls and consume other organisms

gametes

sex cells that join together during fertilization (sperm and egg)

spores

reproductive cells that are resistent to stressful environmental conditions

algae

multicellular plant-like protists

hyphae

chains of thread-like fungal filaments in fungi

mycorrhiza

a partnership between fungus and the roots of a plant

lichen

a partnership between a fungus and a green alga or cyanobacterium

DNA/RNA

scientists use this to identify relationships among organisms

carolus linnaeus

this scientist simplified the system of naming living things and created a two-name system for naming organisms

taxonomy

the science of describing, classifying, and naming living things

8

the number of levels used to classify organisms

6

the number of kingdoms there are

3

the number of domains there are

protista

this kingdom has subcategories, including animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like

autotrophs

protists that can make their own food

heterotrophs

protists that consume other organisms for food

cladogram

a type of branching diagram used to show relationships among species

dichotomous key

a key that used paired statements to help identify organisms

cilia

hairlike structures that beat rapidly that allow protists to move

flagellum

a whiplike structure that pushes cells forward

pseudopod

when cytoplasm flows into this false foot, the rest of the cell follows

animal-like protist

a protist that gets its food by consuming other organisms

fungus-like protist

a protist that absorbs its nutrients

plant-like protist

a protist that gets food through photosynthesis

zygote fungi

fungi that can only reproduce sexually

sac fungi

fungi that can reproduce sexually and asexually

club fungi

fungi that can only reproduce asexaually