A&P Homeostasis

organ systems (12)

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, lymphatic, respiratory, male reproductive, female reproductive

integumentary system

encloses internal body structures, site of many sensory receptors, includes hair, skin, and nails

skeletal system

supports the body, enables movement in conjunction with muscular system, includes bones, cartilage, and joints

muscular system

enables movement in conjunction with skeletal system, helps maintain body temperature, includes skeletal muscles and tendons

nervous system

detects and processes sensory info, activates body responses, includes brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

endocrine system

secretes hormones, regulates body processes, includes pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries

cardiovascular system

delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body, includes the heart and blood vessels

digestive system

processes food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food, includes stomach, liver, gallbladder, and intestines

urinary system

controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from bloods and excretes them, includes kidneys and urinary bladder

lymphatic system

returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens, includes thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels

respiratory system

removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood, includes nasal passage, trachea, and lungs

male reproductive system

produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female, includes epididymis and testes

female reproductive system

produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk for infant, includes mammary glands, ovaries, and uterus

metabolism

sum of chemical processes in the body including catabolism and anabolism

basic life processes

reproduction, growth and development, movement and locomotion, integument, respiration, circulation, digestion, excretion

homeostasis

a dynamic adaptation to changing conditions, constantly being disrupted by external and internal stimuli, working to maintain stable conditions, mainly regulated through the nervous and endocrine systems

nervous system in homeostasis

detects changes and sends nerve impulses to counteract this disruption

endocrine system in homeostasis

secretes hormones which work more slowly than nerve impulses

homeostatic components

sensor, control center, effector

sensor/receptor

monitors environmental factors, responds to changes in monitored variables (stimuli)

control center

guides the set point at which variable is maintained, receives monitoring input from sensor, guides appropriate response

effector

receives output from control center, provides the instructions for response, response either reduces stimulus (negative feedback) or increases stimulus (positive feedback)