Atmosphere

90

A flashlight gives more energy per unit area at a __ degree angle.

Equator

Is direct sunlight a feature of the equator or the poles (one word answer)?

True

True or false; weather is constantly changing.

Climate

Based on observations of weather over a long period of time.

Nitrogen, Oxygen

N_ and O_ are two elements that make up 99% of our atmosphere.

4

0-__% of the atmosphere can be water.

3

How many oxygen molecules in ozone?

Ultraviolet

radiation is required to break up oxygen.

Stratosphere

Ozone is concentrated in the .

Ozone

filters out UV radiation.

Lower

As one climbs a mountain, do they have higher or lower air pressure?

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere

List the four atmospheric layers based on temperature in order from lowest altitude to highest.

Tilted Orbit

We have seasons due to Earth's .

Northern

During the summer solstice, the Hemisphere leans toward the sun.

Southern

During the winter solstice, the Hemisphere leans toward the sun.

23.5

During the solstices, Earth is tilted by _. degrees.

Nitrogen

Most abundant gas in atmosphere.

Temperature

The atmosphere is divided into four layers based on .

a

can’t make it into a question so memorize the solstice and equinox chart (found on 17.1 worksheet)

type “a” to get this right

Revolution

Earth’s two principal motions are rotation and ______.

Temperature

Measure of the kinetic energy of atoms.

Faster

If atoms have a higher heat, they are moving ______.

Heat

The transfer of energy between objects due to a difference in temperature.

Conduction

Transfer of heat through molecular activity (direct contact).

Convection

Transfer of heat through movement or circulation.

Radiation

Transfer of heat that can travel through space.

Up

Does hot water in a pot float up or down?

Solar Radiaton

______ ______ heats our atmosphere.

Absorbed, Scattered, Passes Through

When radiation hits an object, the radiation is either a______, s______, or it ______ ______.

Scatters

The sky is blue because the atmosphere ______ blue light more than others.

50, 30, 20

__% of solar radiation is absorbed, __% is reflected by the atmosphere, and __% is reflected by the Earth.

False

True or false; some objects don’t emit radiant energy.

More

Hotter objects emit ______ total energy per unit than colder objects do.

False

True or false; the hotter a radiating body is, the longer the wavelengths of maximum radiation it will produce.

Radiation

Objects that absorb ______ well are also good at emitting it.

Greenhouse Effect

The atmosphere trapping heat is known as the ______ ______.

Oxygen

Which of the following is not an example of a greenhouse gas: Water Vapor, CO2, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Oxygen, Ozone?

False

True or false; greenhouse gases make up a large part of our atmosphere.

58

__ degrees is the average temperature at Earth’s surface.

Infrared

When the Earth absorbs solar radiation, said radiation can be emitted in the form of ______ radiation.

No

Do greenhouse gases interact with visible light?

No

Do oxygen and nitrogen interact with visible light or infrared radiation?

Temperature Control

What is a factor that causes temperature to vary from place to place and from time to time?

Heating, Geographical, Cloud, Currents, Latitude

Some examples of temperature control factors are ______ of land and water, ______ position, ______ coverage, ocean ______, and l______.

True

True or false; longitude is not a factor in temperature control.

Land

What cools faster, land or water?

Windward

Weather coming from the ocean.

Leeward

Weather coming from land.

Albedo

Fraction of radiation reflected by any surface.

High

Do clouds have a high or low albedo?

Cooler

Are cloudy days warmer/cooler?

Warmer

Are cloudy nights warmer/cooler?

Isotherm

What is a line on a map that connects points that have the same temperature?

Warmer, Cooler

Temperature gets warmer/cooler in low latitude, warmer/cooler in high latitude.

Southern, Water

The ______ Hemisphere has less annual temperature variations than the other hemisphere due to more ______ which takes longer to heat/cool.

______ slow down incoming solar radiation.

Clouds

Mesosphere

Temperatures decrease in the third layer of the atmosphere, the ______.

Summer

The ______ solstice is the first day of summer (this is obvious).

Water Vapor

What is the source of all condensation and precipitation?

Heat

Changing states of matter requires energy in the form of what?

Latent

______ heat does not raise temperature but changes states of matter.

Evaporation.

Liquid to gas.

Condensation

Gas to liquid.

Sublimation

Solid to gas.

Deposition

Gas to solid.

Humidity

Term for the amount of water vapor in air.

Saturation

Maximum amount of water vapor air can hold.

Warm, Cold

______ air stores more water vapor than ______ air.

Relative Humidity

Ratio of air’s water vapor content compared to maximum vapor content.

Up

Does relative humidity go down/up if you decrease temperature?

Dew Point

What is the temperature at which air would need to be cooled to reach saturation?

Psychrometer

A sling ______ would be used to measure relative humidity.

Low

If the wet bulb drops in temperature a lot, there is high/low humidity?

Water Vapor

Most important gas in atmospheric processes.

True

True or false; saturated warm air contains more water vapor than saturated cold air.

Increases

If water vapor is added, relative humidity increases/decreases?

Decreases

If air temperature increases, relative humidity increases/decreases?

Out

When air that has reached its dew point is further cooled, water is forced in/out?

Adiabatic

______ temperature change is a change in temperature without heat added.

Warms

When air is compressed it warms/cools?

Cools

When air is expanded it warms/cools?

Expansion

As air rises, it cools due to ______.

Dry

Air cools for about degrees C for every 1000 meters. When this air is not saturated, it is known as ______ adiabatic heat.

Wet

When air is saturated, its rate of cooling is known as ______ adiabatic heat.

Orographic Lifting

Air being elevated by a mountain slope or terrain.

Frontal Wedging

Air being elevated due to a front.

Stable, Unstable

______ air tends to remain in its original position, while ______ air tends to rise.

Form, Height

Clouds are classified by f______ and h______.

Fog

Cloud close or on the ground.

Bergeron Process

Process that explains growth of ice crystals in clouds from supercooled water (wtf does this even mean).

Hail

Starts as a small ice pellet and grows by collecting supercooled water.

Stability Measurements

Temperature at different heights in atmosphere.

Degrees of Stability

How much air is moving.

Condensation

When a parcel of air reaches its dew point, the process of ______ begins.

Heat

When a parcel of air rises past the condensation level, the rate of cooling decreases because of the release of latent ______ (wtf does this mean).

Mountains, Clouds, Rain

Orographic lifting is when ______ block airflow, this results in c______ and r______.

Clouds, Rain

Frontal wedging occurs when warm and cold air collide, and this usually results in c______ and r______.

Lower, Cloud

Convergence is air in the ______ atmosphere flowing together, and this typically results in ______ formation.

Less, Rain Showers

Localized convective lifting is when warm pockets of air are ______ dense than surrounding air, causing them to rise. This typically results in r______ s______.

Leeward

Dry air on the ______ side of a mountain can cause a rain shadow desert.