Ch 4-Muscular Strength and Endurance pt 1

There are ___ types of muscle cells in the body.

Three

Muscle cell types

Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal

Smooth muscle cells

Contain fewer actin and myosin filaments. They are spindle shaped contain a single central nucleus.

Cardiac muscle cells

Only found in the heart. Elongated, containing actin and myosin filaments, which form sarcomeres; these join end to end to form myofibrils.

Skeletal muscle types

Make up the muscle tissues connected to the skeleton and are important in locomotion.

Eccentric Contraction

Occurs when the muscle is still contracting and lengthening at the same time. This may be referred to as the lowering or negative phase.

Concentric Contraction

When the muscle contracts and shortens against a resistance. This may be referred to as the lifting or positive phase.

Isotonic Contraction

A moving contraction, also known as dynamic contraction. During this contraction the muscle fattens, and there is movement at the joint.

Isometric Contraction

A static contraction where the length of the muscle, or the joint angle, does not change.

Isotonic Exercises

Bench press, squat, Weightlifting, kettle ball, body resistance training,

Isometric Exercises

Plank, squat hold, wall sit

Flexion

A bending movement around a joint in a limb that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at the joint

Extension

Action or state of extending something or making it longer, bigger, or wider.

Skeletal Muscle

Responsible for body movement

Cardiac Muscle

Responsible for the contraction of the heart

Smooth Muscle

Responsible for food movement along intestines, enlargement and contraction of blood vessels, size of pupils, etc.

Muscular strength

Muscular Endurance

Is the ability of the muscles to exert force over a single or maximal effort.

Is the ability to exert a force over a period of time or repetitions.