Equine Diseases quizzes and midterm

horses have better visual acuity than humans

false

when a horse wants to look at an object far away

it raises its head

auriculopalpebral nerve is responsible for

motor function of the eyelid

subpalpebral lavage system allows us to

medicate a horse’s eye more frequently with less resentment

when using a modified triadan system, we refer to the third incisor in the upper left arcade as

203

when relieving esophageal obstruction what is used to loosen the material

water

what are wolf teeth

small vestigial teeth (105, 205, 305, and 405) that are often removed to reduce interference with the bit

percentage of horses with colic that can be treated effectively in the field with basic methods

90%

horses can or cannot vomit

cannot

When a horse is jogging in a circle with the lame leg on the inside, the lameness usually becomes

more obvious

When evaluating the lameness in the forelimbs, the head is down when the foot of the _______ limb hits the ground

sound

flexions are performed to briefly increase the pain associated with lameness

true

Radiographic changes are visibly apparent when the bone has lost ____ of its mineral content

50%

Hoof testing a horse’s front foot when the pressure is applied to the toe region, and the horse ends up pulling its foot away is indicative of

laminitis

When pressure is applied to the back of the foot (heel region) and the horse ends up pulling its foot away it is indicative of

navicular disease

horse is reluctant to move when you coax it to take a few steps at the walk, the horse “hops” refusing to put weight on the right front foot

grade 5

the rider doesn't feel a specific lameness, but notices that it’s harder for the horse to make turns around the barrels; horse is sound at the trot and  when trotting in a circle, the right hind lameness is seen consistently

grade 2

When jogging in a straight line, the person leading the horse should

leave a bit of slack in the lead rope

useful for diagnosing tendon/ligament injuries; images are displaced in a 2-dimension that’s black and white

ultrasonography

not a function of the horse’s skin

regulating weight

Skin disease caused by the larvae of nematodes that’s transmitted by flies

Habronemiasis

Often fatal, due to its extremely aggressive nature, leading to the destruction of the skin and deeper tissue

pythiosis

3 most common tumors in horses

Equine sarcoids, Squamous cell carcinomas, and melanomas

T/F Dermatophytosis (ringworm): caused by a fungus, while dermatophilosis (rain rot) is caused by a bacteria

true

corpus luteum begins to develop; often referred to as the early postovulatory period

Metestrus

One way to compensate for the short photoperiod in horses is

artificial lighting period

swelling of abscesses in the submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, painful swelling under mandible, guttural pouch edema, and possible airway obstruction due to swelling

strangles

most common arrhythmia in fit/ athletic horses

2nd degree AV block

fever, anemia, icterus, lethargy, stiffness, and limb edema; tick was found that looks like a biting tick

Anaplasmosis

what is not part of a lameness exam

evaluating cranial nerve function

When a lame horse is trotted on pavement, which foot will sound louder when it strikes the ground?

foot on the sound limb

gives structural information about bone, but little about soft tissue

radiography

Gait abnormality due to compression of spinal cord in neck

neurologic

Restricted range of motion in the hind limb due to severe scarring of his semimembranosus/ tendinosis muscles

mechanical

Horses are hind gut fermenters

true

maximum amount of tooth that can be removed at once

3-5 mm

what is the first molar on the lower right arcade

409

Exploratory celiotomy rarely reveals the specific cause of colic

false

associated with a decreased risk of colic

24 hours a day pasture turnout

Most common problem of equine esophagus

obstruction

NOT seen in horses with colic

red urine

T/F horses have better night vision than humans

true

test to determine ability to blink

palpebral response

the order that light enters the eye

cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous humor

T/F horses have more numerous rods than humans

true

what is not a signs of equine recurrent uveitits

corneal ulceration

what doesn’t require the sterile prep for 5 minutes

nerve block

local anesthetic has a rapid onset, duration of 1-1.5 hr, and can be irritating to the tissues

lidocaine

useful drug to reduce anxiety

acepromazine

When prepping for a joint block, the skin should be scrubbed from

middle to outward

Caudal epidural site

sacro-coccygeal, coccygeal 1, and coccygeal 2

2 types of vaccines

killed and modified live

core vaccines for horses

rabies, west nile, tetanus, WEE/EEE

lockjaw and muscle rigidity

tetanus

targets tapeworms

Praziquantel

Endotoxemia in horse exhibits the unique characteristics of

producing a purple gum color that appears along the margin of the teeth and gums

what is not a sign of estrus

striking and biting

see mature luteal activity and begins about 4 days after ovulation and ends with the regression of corpus luteum

diestrus

apply 1% iodine to the umbilical cord of a foal ______ daily

3-4 times

small pinpoint red dots called petechial hemorrhage is indicative of a

clotting disorder

T/F in a foal you will hear a systolic murmur, but it will disappear over time

true

Some respiratory noises include: wheezing, whistling, honking, snoring, and thunder rumbling

false

premature foals are born in 400 days

false

trim hooves every

6-8 weeks

what are the normal TPR’s for an adult horse

T: 99-101.5 F

P: 28-44 bpm

R: 6-16 bpm