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horses have better visual acuity than humans
false
when a horse wants to look at an object far away
it raises its head
auriculopalpebral nerve is responsible for
motor function of the eyelid
subpalpebral lavage system allows us to
medicate a horse’s eye more frequently with less resentment
when using a modified triadan system, we refer to the third incisor in the upper left arcade as
203
when relieving esophageal obstruction what is used to loosen the material
water
what are wolf teeth
small vestigial teeth (105, 205, 305, and 405) that are often removed to reduce interference with the bit
percentage of horses with colic that can be treated effectively in the field with basic methods
90%
horses can or cannot vomit
cannot
When a horse is jogging in a circle with the lame leg on the inside, the lameness usually becomes
more obvious
When evaluating the lameness in the forelimbs, the head is down when the foot of the _______ limb hits the ground
sound
flexions are performed to briefly increase the pain associated with lameness
true
Radiographic changes are visibly apparent when the bone has lost ____ of its mineral content
50%
Hoof testing a horse’s front foot when the pressure is applied to the toe region, and the horse ends up pulling its foot away is indicative of
laminitis
When pressure is applied to the back of the foot (heel region) and the horse ends up pulling its foot away it is indicative of
navicular disease
horse is reluctant to move when you coax it to take a few steps at the walk, the horse “hops” refusing to put weight on the right front foot
grade 5
the rider doesn't feel a specific lameness, but notices that it’s harder for the horse to make turns around the barrels; horse is sound at the trot and when trotting in a circle, the right hind lameness is seen consistently
grade 2
When jogging in a straight line, the person leading the horse should
leave a bit of slack in the lead rope
useful for diagnosing tendon/ligament injuries; images are displaced in a 2-dimension that’s black and white
ultrasonography
not a function of the horse’s skin
regulating weight
Skin disease caused by the larvae of nematodes that’s transmitted by flies
Habronemiasis
Often fatal, due to its extremely aggressive nature, leading to the destruction of the skin and deeper tissue
pythiosis
3 most common tumors in horses
Equine sarcoids, Squamous cell carcinomas, and melanomas
T/F Dermatophytosis (ringworm): caused by a fungus, while dermatophilosis (rain rot) is caused by a bacteria
true
corpus luteum begins to develop; often referred to as the early postovulatory period
Metestrus
One way to compensate for the short photoperiod in horses is
artificial lighting period
swelling of abscesses in the submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, painful swelling under mandible, guttural pouch edema, and possible airway obstruction due to swelling
strangles
most common arrhythmia in fit/ athletic horses
2nd degree AV block
fever, anemia, icterus, lethargy, stiffness, and limb edema; tick was found that looks like a biting tick
Anaplasmosis
what is not part of a lameness exam
evaluating cranial nerve function
When a lame horse is trotted on pavement, which foot will sound louder when it strikes the ground?
foot on the sound limb
gives structural information about bone, but little about soft tissue
radiography
Gait abnormality due to compression of spinal cord in neck
neurologic
Restricted range of motion in the hind limb due to severe scarring of his semimembranosus/ tendinosis muscles
mechanical
Horses are hind gut fermenters
true
maximum amount of tooth that can be removed at once
3-5 mm
what is the first molar on the lower right arcade
409
Exploratory celiotomy rarely reveals the specific cause of colic
false
associated with a decreased risk of colic
24 hours a day pasture turnout
Most common problem of equine esophagus
obstruction
NOT seen in horses with colic
red urine
T/F horses have better night vision than humans
true
test to determine ability to blink
palpebral response
the order that light enters the eye
cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous humor
T/F horses have more numerous rods than humans
true
what is not a signs of equine recurrent uveitits
corneal ulceration
what doesn’t require the sterile prep for 5 minutes
nerve block
local anesthetic has a rapid onset, duration of 1-1.5 hr, and can be irritating to the tissues
lidocaine
useful drug to reduce anxiety
acepromazine
When prepping for a joint block, the skin should be scrubbed from
middle to outward
Caudal epidural site
sacro-coccygeal, coccygeal 1, and coccygeal 2
2 types of vaccines
killed and modified live
core vaccines for horses
rabies, west nile, tetanus, WEE/EEE
lockjaw and muscle rigidity
tetanus
targets tapeworms
Praziquantel
Endotoxemia in horse exhibits the unique characteristics of
producing a purple gum color that appears along the margin of the teeth and gums
what is not a sign of estrus
striking and biting
see mature luteal activity and begins about 4 days after ovulation and ends with the regression of corpus luteum
diestrus
apply 1% iodine to the umbilical cord of a foal ______ daily
3-4 times
small pinpoint red dots called petechial hemorrhage is indicative of a
clotting disorder
T/F in a foal you will hear a systolic murmur, but it will disappear over time
true
Some respiratory noises include: wheezing, whistling, honking, snoring, and thunder rumbling
false
premature foals are born in 400 days
false
trim hooves every
6-8 weeks
what are the normal TPR’s for an adult horse
T: 99-101.5 F
P: 28-44 bpm
R: 6-16 bpm