ANAPHY-Midterm-TRANS (3)

What is appositional growth in cartilage?

New cartilage is added to the surface of the cartilage by chondroblasts from the inner layer of the perichondrium.

What are the two types of cartilage growth?

Appositional growth and interstitial growth.

What percentage of the bone matrix is organic material?

35% organic material.

What are osteoblasts?

Bone-forming cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans, and release matrix vesicles that form hydroxyapatite crystals.

How is spongy bone structured?

It consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called trabeculae.

What are the main differences between young bone and mature bone?

Young bone has a disorganized collagen structure, is weaker, and contains more osteocytes; mature bone has organized collagen fibers, is stronger, and has fewer osteocytes.

What is the initiating step in intramembranous ossification?

Mesenchymal cells in the membrane become osteochondral progenitor cells and specialize into osteoblasts.

What occurs during endochondral ossification when blood vessels invade the perichondrium?

Osteochondral progenitor cells convert into osteoblasts, transforming perichondrium into periosteum.

What is a closed fracture?

A break that does not penetrate the skin.

What is muscle fatigue?

Decreased ability to do work, which can be caused by CNS factors, depletion of ATP, or depletion of acetylcholine.