Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System A

Anterior/Posterior

Facing Foward and face away

Superios/Inferior

Top and bottom

Medial/lateral

Center to lateral

Ipsilateral/Contralateral

Same side to opposite side

Dorsal Ventral

Back to stomach

Planes

Coronal, sagittal and horizontal

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system

Everything outside outside the brain and spinal cord

• Conisst of nevrs and ganglia

Spinal Nerves

• Emerge from spina cord, 31

• Sensory Info abou touch, position of limbs.

Cranial Nerves

Emerge from the base of the brain 12 pairs

Somatic Nervous System

Nerves connected to the CNS to the sensory stsem and skeletel muscles

Autonomic Nervous system

Nerves that connect CNS to organs

Motor Nerves

• Control muscles, conducting information in a efferent dirrection, away from spinal and brain

Sensory Nerves

Convey Sensory information to CNS, conducts into afferet direction

Dorsal Root Gsnglia

Contain the cell bodies of specialized neurons that conduct sesnory info from periphery to CNS

Cranial Nevres neck and head

• Convey sensory info about vision, taste, smell, taste, hearing, balance into the brain.

  • Control muscle in neck and head

Sympathetic Nervous System

Controls fight or flight

Parasympathetic

Controls rest and digest

Meninges

Multi layerd sack

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Located in meninges, allows the brain to float

Ventricles

Chambers in the brain filled with CSF

Forebrain

Cortex

• Ganglia

• Limbic system

• Thhalamus

  • Hypothalamus

MidBrain

midbrain

Hindbrain

Cerebellum

Pons

Medulla

Theory of Loocalization

Different parts of the brain carry out separate and distinct psychological functions

Neural System

A populations of neurons that communicate accross the boundaries between regions.

Neural Circuit

Pop of neurosn that communicate withtin a brain region.

Cortex

Wrinkly part that plays a cruicial role in everything from perception to decesion making

What maked the wrinkles in the cortex

Gyri and Sulci

Gray Matter

• Brain and spinal cord

  • Made of cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons

White matter

• Brain

• Made of axons covered in myelin that arise from cell bodies in gray matter

Frontal lobe (cortex)

• Division in the cortex

• Attention, planning, decesion making, and motor control

Parietal Lobe

• Cortex

  • Touch Proprioception

occiptal lobe

Cortec

• Vision

Temporal lobe

• Cortex

• Hearing

NeoCortex

• ~90% if humas

  • 6 layers

Allocortex

• 10 percent

• 4 layer

• Piriform

Lissencephalic Brains

• Animals that have a smooth cortex

Gyrencephalic brains

Wrinkly cortex

Basal Ganglia

• Forebrain

  • Voluntary motion

Limbic system

• Forebrain

• Interconnected group of structures for function such as emotion and memory

  • COntains medial temporal lobe structure

Hippocampus

• Forebrain, Medial temporal lobe structure

  • Crucial for memory

Amygdala

• Fore brain, MTLS

  • Emotion and emotional memory

Thalamus

• Forebrain

• Cluster of nuclei in the center

• Energy intake and control the endocrince vit the pituitary gland

• • Sensory info to the cortex

Pituitary Gland

• Master gland of the body

  • IN Hypothalamus

Tegmentum

• In Midbrain

• Home to cell bodies that send axons to the basal ganglia and cortex, releasing the NT dopamine onto neurons in those areas

Tectum

• Midbrain

  • Process audio/visual information and controls orientation response

Medulla

• In Hindbrain

  • Outgroqth of the spinal cord that contrains nuclei giving rise to the cranial nerves

Pons

• Connects the rest of the brain to the cerebellum

Cerebellum

• In hindbrain

• Crucial for precesion control of motion