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growth
growing business = more revenue, more assets, more resources, more profits
increased market share, launch new products, sell into wider range of markets
growing business = attractive benefits
lower unit costs
higher revenue
better profile
larger market share
objectives of growth
economies of scale
increased market power
increased market share and branding
increased profitability
economies of scale
size of business impacts average cost of production
range of output over which averae costs fall as output rises
gives larger businesses a competitive edge
law of diminishing returns
if the firm expands scale of operations the same level of output can be produced efficiently
long run average costs fall
minimum efficient scale
internal economies of scale
benefits of growth that arise within the firm
purchasing and marketing economies
technical economies
specialisation and managerial economies
financial economies
risk-bearing economies
purchasing and marketing economies
large firms get better rates when buying raw materials in bulk
admin costs don’t rise
marketing economies
technical economies
arise because larger plants are more efficient
capital costs and running costs don’t rise in proportion to size
increased size = doubled output, not cost, falling average cost (principle of increased dimensions)
indivisibility - firms need a particular item but fail to fully use it
same cost whether item is used 2x a week or daily
business expands - used more, average cost falls
expanding firms switch to mass-production techniques
flow production breaks down production process into a very large number of small operations
helps greater use of specialised machinery
large improvements in efficiency as labour is replaced by capital
businesses employ a variety of machines with different capacities
slow machine = increased production time
law of multiples
employing more slower machines to match the capacity of faster machines
firms finding a balanced team of machines so operations run at fall capacity
specialisation and managerial economies
firms can employ specialist managers as they grow
efficiency improves
average costs fall if specialists are employed
specialists in small firms are an indivisibility
financial economies
large firms have advantages when trying to raise finance
wider variety of sources i.e. shares
can easily persuade institutions to lend them money
large assets for security
gain better interest rates
risk-bearing economies
as firms grow they diversify to reduce risk
large businesses reduce risk by carrying out R&D
development of new products helps firms gain a competitive edge over smaller rivals
external economies of scale
reduction in costs that a business within an industry might benefit from as the industry grows
arise if the industry is concentrated in a geographic region
labour
ancillary and commercial services
co-operation
disintegration
labour
concentration of firms leads to the build-up of a labour force with the skills required in the industry
skilled labour from another firm in the same industry = reduced training cost
free courses from local industry
ancillary and commercial services
established industries attract smaller firms
wide range of commercial and support services
i.e. specialist banking, insurance, marketing, waste disposal, maintenance, cleaning, components and distribution services
co-operation
firms in the same industry are more likely to co-operate if concentrated in the same region
disintegration
occurs when production is broken up
more specialisation can take place
firms specialise in production of one component when an industry area is concentrated and transport it to a main assembly plant
increased market power
as businesses get bigger they become more dominant
rivals are left with smaller market share and weaker businesses may be forced to close down
if a business is large enough it can dominate customers and suppliers
business too dominant = attracts attention of authority
dominant businesses appearing to exploit customers or suppliers can lead to investigations
increased market power - customers
dominant businesses can charge higher prices if competition in the market is limited
customers pay higher prices when they have less choice
less need to develop products
low costs of risky innovation
limited product choice
increased market power - suppliers
a business can dominate its suppliers and force to lower cost of materials and commercial services when purchasing in large quantities
essential if suppliers rely on them for custom
increased market share and brand recognition
as businesses grow, their market share grows and gives them more power and advantages
greater brand recognition =
higher prices
distinct products
customer loyalty
greater product recognition
image
easy new launch
attracts media attention to help with promotion
increased profitability
large businesses make more profit
as companies grow the prices of shares rise
increased profitability = profit for investment and innovation
allows business to develop new products and make acquisitions
the distinction between inorganic and organic growth
external/inorganic growth
mergers and takeovers
businesses joining over double overnight
faster
integration of 2 organisations can be high-risk
internal/organic growth
business grows naturally be selling output using its own resources
safer strategy due to expansion using current expertise