biology revision summer "23

what do carbohydrates break down into?

sugars

what do proteins break down into?

amino acids

what do lipids break down into?

fatty acids and glycerol

what do nucleic acids break down into?

nucleotides

what does amylase break down?

starch (carbohydrates)

what does lipase break down?

lipids

what does catalase break down?

hydrogen peroxide

nucleus

stores genetic material

what does protease break down?

proteins

ribosomes

synthesizes proteins

chloroplast

carry out respiration (photosynthesis)

cell wall

provides structure and protection to cell (outside cell membrane)

cell membrane

controls what enters/exits the cell

plasmid dna

helps survival of bacterium by killing unwanted hosts

nucleoid dna

controls cell activity and stores genetic material

pathogens

tiny living organisms that are made of cells which can damage the cells of other organisms and cause disease. many of them are unicellular

they can spread from infected organisms, droplets or spores in the air, water, or food

pathogen organisms

viruses, bacteria and protoctists

cholera

-bacteria

transmitted through unclean food or water, which may be contaminated

can be reduced or prevented by vaccinations and safe drinking water, as well as various medicines and oral rehydration.

tuberculosis

-bacteria

a disease that mainly targets the lungs, transmitted through airborne exposure

can be reduced or prevented by staying away inside from people at all time, as well as taking vaccinations

can also be prevented by wearing facial coverings, since tuberculosis is airborne, and they would prevent you from inhaling it

chalara ash dieback

-fungus

disease of ash trees, can be spread by wind blowing spores of fungus or disease ash plants, logs or unsawn wood from infected trees

can be prevented by collecting fallen ash leaves or logs, and burying or decomposting them

mitochondria

where repiration takes place, in order for energy to be released

malaria

-protoctist

malaria is spread by mosquito bites

can be prevented by malaria vaccines and covering your body or applying creams/sprays/insecticide

hiv

-virus

hiv is a pathogen that cuases the disease aids

hiv is spread by intercourse, or sharing needles and syringes

can be prevented by using protection the right way, abstinence and not sharing needles

stomach ulcers

-bacteria

commonly transmitted through mouth-mouth interactions, or consumation of human waste

can be prevented by not kissing anyone and reducing physical contact with someone with the disease

ebola

-virus

-highly contagious, can be caught through direct contact with an infected animal

can be prevented by frequently washing your hands, and making sure fruit and vegetables are washed and peeled before you eat them

a

adenine

t

thymine

c

cytosine

g

guanine

what base pairs in dna go together?

a and t

c and g