Global MP1

studied byStudied by 5 people
5.0(1)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions
Get a hint
Hint

Culture

1 / 180

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

181 Terms

1

Culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

New cards
2

Religion

System of beliefs & practices that provide meaning & purpose to life and connect human to spiritual & supernatural powers

New cards
3

Government

The institutions (and people) through which a society makes and enforces its public policies to provide order & security for people

New cards
4

Autocracy

A system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual (monarchy or dictatorship)

New cards
5

Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

New cards
6

Dictatorship

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

New cards
7

Oligarchy

A government ruled by a few powerful people (perhaps the military)

New cards
8

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

New cards
9

Representative Democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

New cards
10

Direct Democracy

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

New cards
11

Economy

A system by which goods and services are produced and distributed and wealth is managed

New cards
12

3 basic economic questions

What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce?

New cards
13

Traditional Economy

An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.

New cards
14

Command economy

An economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions.

New cards
15

Market economy

Economic decisions are made by individuals or the open market.

New cards
16

Mixed economy

market-based economic system with (limited) government involvement

New cards
17

Technology

knowledge and tools people use for practical purposes/to achieve a goal

New cards
18

Cultural diffusion

The spread of cultural elements from one society to another

New cards
19

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

New cards
20

Xenophobia

Fear of foreigners; discrimination towards

New cards
21

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

New cards
22

Decolonization

The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.

New cards
23

Non-Aligned Movement

The group of nations that didn't side with either the US or the USSR during the Cold War (aka Third World)

New cards
24

UNDP - United Nations Development Programme

UN program that measures a nation's level of development through the Human Development Index and works to improve living conditions through economic development.

New cards
25

Global North

a term used to refer to the world's wealthy, industrialized countries located primarily in the Northern Hemisphere

New cards
26

Globalization

Growing integration of world's societies and economies

New cards
27

Interdependence

A relationship between countries in which they rely on one another for resources, goods, or services and when decisions in one impact conditions in another.

New cards
28

Global South

a term used to designate the less-developed countries located primarily in the Southern Hemisphere

New cards
29

Political Globalization

the process by which political decisions and actions are becoming increasingly international

New cards
30

Economic Globalization

The spread of trade, transportation, and communication systems around the world in the interests of promoting worldwide commerce

New cards
31

Social Globalization

The process by which people's lifestyles spread over global networks (food, entertainment, ideas, dress, etc)

New cards
32

Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

organizations that seek to coordinate policy across member nations

New cards
33

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities & provide charitable services

New cards
34

The United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation, protect human rights & improve the global standard of living

New cards
35

General Assembly (UN)

the supreme deliberative assembly of the United Nations

New cards
36

Security Council (UN)

main organ within the UN responsible for maintaining peace and security; composed of 5 permanent and 10 rotating members. P5 have veto power.

New cards
37

ECOSOC

UN Economic and Social Council. Promote improved living standards, health, education, etc.

New cards
38

Secretariat (UN)

Oversees administrative work of the UN as directed by the General Assembly, the Security Council and the other organs. The head of the Secretariat is the Secretary-General, Antonia Guterres

New cards
39

ICJ (International Court of Justice)

The principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). Settle disputes among nations & provide legal advice.

New cards
40

MDGs

Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015). Targets to improve SOL, relied on aid & donations.

New cards
41

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030). More goals & more inclusive of participants; self-sustaining.

New cards
42

State

a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.

New cards
43

Nation

a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity

New cards
44

Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control or interference of its internal affairs by other states.

New cards
45

Self-determination

the right of people to choose their own form of government (Kurds, Palestinians, Uyghers, Papua, Catalonia are examples of groups still seeking today)

New cards
46

International Relations

A field in political science which concentrates on relations between countries, such as foreign policy, war, trade, and foreign aid.

New cards
47

Power

The ability to exert influence over others - to get them to do what you want them to do

New cards
48

Hard Power

The reliance on economic and military strength to solve international problems.

New cards
49

Soft power

The reliance on diplomacy and negotiation to solve international problems.

New cards
50

Balance of Power

distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong

New cards
51

Unipolar System (Hegemony)

One powerful nation dominates international affairs

New cards
52

Bipolar System

An international system characterized by two superpowers that roughly balance each other (like the Cold War)

New cards
53

Multipolar System

A world political system in which power is primarily held by four or more international actors

New cards
54

National Interests

A country's political, economic, strategic & military goals and ambitions

New cards
55

Foreign Policy

A government's strategy in dealing with other nations in pursuit of its national interests

New cards
56

Diplomacy

The practice of conducting negotiations between countries (summits, treaties, alliances, embassies)

New cards
57

Foreign aid

A program of giving military and economic help to other countries.

New cards
58

Free Trade Agreement

an agreement between member countries to remove duties and trade barriers on products traded among them.

New cards
59

Economic sanctions

Boycotts, embargoes, tariffs and other economic measures that one country uses to pressure another country into changing its policies.

New cards
60

Covert operations

Secret activities undertaken by a state outside its borders through clandestine means to achieve specific political or military goals

New cards
61

Internationalism

A national policy seeking involvement in world affairs

New cards
62

Isolationism

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

New cards
63

Interventionism

A foreign policy characterized by a nation's willingness to participate and intervene in international situations, including another country's affairs.

New cards
64

Non-interventionism

The unwillingness to use military force overseas or join alliances where troops would be committed to action beyond territorial protection

New cards
65

Unilaterialism

A philosophy that encourages individual nations to act on their own when facing threats from other nations.

New cards
66

Multilateralism

A philosophy that encourages individual nations to act together to solve international problems

New cards
67

Realism

The idea that a country's foreign policy decisions are motivated by self- interest and the goal of gaining more power EX: increased economy, military power, and international influence.

New cards
68

Idealism

The idea that a country's foreign policy decisions are based on factors beyond self interest. EX: upholding important principals or values such as freedom, liberty or democracy.

New cards
69

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb, later used against Japan to end WW2

New cards
70

Atoms for Peace

In 1953, President Eisenhower's proposal to the U.N. to slow down the arms race while helping development.

New cards
71

proliferation

The spread of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons) into the hands of more actors.

New cards
72

Nonproliferation Treaty (1968)

UN agreement to prevent spread of nuclear weapons to countries w/out it already; to disarm nations who had them, and to promote peaceful uses nuclear energy.

New cards
73

Disarmament

reduction of weapons, military supplies, and armed forces by a government

New cards
74

Nuclear Weapons States (NWS)

Countries who exploded nuclear device prior to 1967: United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China

New cards
75

Non-Nuclear Weapon States (NNWS)

A state that is party to the NPT that gave up or agrees not to pursue nuclear weapons

New cards
76

IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)

UN "watchdog" agency that inspects nuclear facilities to make sure they aren't being used to produce weapons.

New cards
77

Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zones (NWFZ)

5 regional and 3 global spaces where countries agree not to build, receive, test or store nuclear weapons

New cards
78

NPT Non-Signers

Nations who never joined or quit the NPT that have nuclear weapons: (Israel), India, Pakistan, North Korea

New cards
79

nuclear terrorism

The use of or threat to use nuclear weapons or nuclear materials to achieve the goals of rogue states or revolutionary or radical organizations (steal, sabotage, dirty bomb)

New cards
80

Nuclear Threat Initiative

NGO that works to protect the world from WMD's by securing materials, borders and black market activity.

New cards
81

Ballistic Missiles

the major strategic delivery vehicle for nuclear weapons; rise out of the atmosphere and then drop on the target

New cards
82

Missile Defense

system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and destruction of attacking missiles

New cards
83

Nuclear Triad

the military strategy of having a three-pronged nuclear capability, from land, sea, or air

New cards
84

Test Ban Treaty

1963 treaty prohibited all nuclear test detonations except those carried out underground, which was added later

New cards
85

New START

the United States and Russia agreed to cut strategic nuclear warheads, deployed missiles, and bombers

New cards
86

Nuclear Umbrella

Security guarantee when one nation promises to use its nuclear arsenal in order to defend another nation from attack

New cards
87

Juche

North-Korean ideology of self-reliance for the protection & security of the Kim dynasty.

New cards
88

Agreed Framework (1994)

An agreement between the U.S. and North Korea. North Korea was to replace its nuclear power plants with light water reactor plants by 2003, in exchange for normalized political and economic relations. By the target year, the agreement had broken down.

New cards
89

Six Party Talks (2003)

A series of multilateral negotiations (attended by China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea, and the United States) for the purpose of dismantling North Korea's nuclear program - fell apart.

New cards
90

Singapore Summit (2018)

Historic, first ever meeting between US President & NK leader. Kim promises denuclearization, Trump promises to suspend military exercises with the South.

New cards
91

Ayatollah

A traditional Muslim religious ruler; has supreme rule in Theocratic Iran.

New cards
92

Shah

a title of the former monarch (King) of Iran

New cards
93

Proxy War

a conflict in which two opposing states "fight" by supporting opposite sides in war; or by using third party groups to carry out attacks on opposition.

New cards
94

JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action)

2015 deal between Iran and P5 +1 to greatly diminish Iran's nuclear capabilities in exchange for the lifting of crippling economic sanctions

New cards
95

Stuxnet

a cyberworm created to disrupt Iran's uranium enrichment program and damage their nuclear capability

New cards
96

Nuclear Football

briefcase, the contents of which are to be used by the President of the United States to authorize a nuclear attack

New cards
97

biscuit

index card, carried by the President with verification codes to safeguard nuclear attack procedure

New cards
98

Nuclear Posture Review

A process "to determine what the role of nuclear weapons in U.S. security strategy should be"

New cards
99

Terrorism

the use of violence against civilians by non-state actors in the pursuit of political or ideological aims.

New cards
100

Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO)

the U.S. Department of State lists an organization as a "foreign terrorist organization" if it engages in terrorist activity or has retained the capacity or intention to do so and it threatens United States national or America's national security (ISIS, Boko Haram, etc)

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
848 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
436 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
52 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
894 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 58 people
735 days ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
280 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
628 days ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 668 people
646 days ago
5.0(4)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (62)
studied byStudied by 105 people
124 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (66)
studied byStudied by 22 people
718 days ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (131)
studied byStudied by 13 people
615 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (106)
studied byStudied by 12 people
410 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 70 people
245 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (41)
studied byStudied by 4 people
763 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (48)
studied byStudied by 6 people
87 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (77)
studied byStudied by 25 people
1 day ago
5.0(1)
robot