AP World History - Ultimate Guide (copy)

Trade

The exchange of goods and services between regions or countries.

Belief Systems

Cultural beliefs that shape the moral and ethical behaviors of a community.

Theravada Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that emphasizes meditation and simplicity.

Mahayana Buddhism

A more complex branch of Buddhism that focuses on rituals and spiritual comfort.

Christianity

A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

Confucianism

An ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing social harmony.

Hinduism

A major world religion that believes in karma, dharma, and the cycle of rebirth.

Islam

A monotheistic religion that teaches submission to the will of Allah as outlined in the Qur'an.

Judaism

The monotheistic religion of the Hebrews, characterized by the belief in a covenant with God.

Feudalism

The social system in medieval Europe where land was owned by lords who granted it to vassals.

The Renaissance

A cultural movement in Europe that emphasized art, science, and the literature of the ancient world.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement that resulted in the creation of Protestant churches separate from the Catholic Church.

Social Darwinism

The application of Darwinian ideas to social issues, often used to justify imperialism.

Neoclassicism

An artistic movement that looked back to classical antiquity for inspiration.

The Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular nation or group.

Decolonization

The process of a colony gaining independence and establishing its own governance.

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and populations across the world.

Apartheid

A policy of segregation and political, social, and economic discrimination against non-whites in South Africa.

The Cold War

The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States following World War II.

Terrorism

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in pursuit of political aims.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership and the free market.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

Cultural diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

The Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional doctrines.

Humanism

A Renaissance movement that emphasized the value of human beings and the study of classical texts.

The Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that took place during the 1930s.

Fascism

A far-right, authoritarian ultranationalist political ideology characterized by dictatorial power.

Totalitarianism

A political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private