P2 East Asia ID Terms

Ming Dynasty

a very conservative Chinese dynasty that came after the Yuan Dynasty; improved education through revitalizing civil service exams, and developing Confucian national school system; expanded China and beautified its northern capital and southern capital, Beijing and Nanjing

Qing Dynasty

a foreign dynasty that came to power in China after the Ming Dynasty; a peasant revolt that happened due to a famine in China lead to Manchu takeover of the Ming government, leading to this dynasty; they were very culturally intolerant, however, they maintained Chinese bureaucracy

Manchu

people from a region northeast of China who developed the Qing Dynasty; culturally and ethnically distinct from Chinese

Forbidden City

a walled compound of royal palaces

Tributes

a practice where weaker countries pay wealth usually in form of goods/money to a stronger country; Zheng He's Treasure Fleet collected these from around the world

Zheng He

sent by Emperor Yongle, this Muslim admiral was sent on 7 massive voyages with his fleet (300 ships); He traveled around the Eastern Hemisphere, displaying might of the Ming Dynasty and collecting tributes from other countries; however, this interaction with foreign cultures was seen as threat to China's social order, eventually ending the Treasure Fleet

Grand Canal

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.

Monopoly

complete control of a market; Portuguese built many forts near India in order to maintain this over spice trade in the area

Hanfu

traditional Chinese clothing; supported by Qing Dynasty

Queues

Manchu hairstyle; braided pigtails; Chinese people were forced to wear this hair style by the Manchu people during Qing Dynasty

Liu Liangzuo

Han Chinese defector who massacred the entire population of Jiangyin to enforce Qing rule

Kangxi

one of China's longest-reigning emperors; expanded China greatly and China experienced stability and peace under this emperor; Religiously tolerant and encouraged education; very intelligent Confucian scholar and poet

Kangxi Dictionary

complied by Kangxi, it contained about 42,000 Chinese characters and was the standard Chinese dictionary of the 18th~19th centuries

Collection of Books

sponsored by Kangxi, this was comparable to Diderot's Encyclopedia during the 18th century in France

Tibet

the mountainous land north of India that was imposed a protectorate during the reign of Emperor Kangxi

Qianlong

Annexed lands west of China (Xinjiang); not tolerant; installed Dalai Lama in Tibet; empties China's treasury through various expansions; sold limited trading privileges to European powers only in Guangzhou

Uighurs

local Muslim population in Xinjiang who have never fully become incorporated into rest of Chinese culture

Dalai Lama

considered a living Buddha of compassion; Emperor Qianlong sent armies to Tibet to install this

White Lotus Rebellion

during Qing Dynasty, high taxes and desire to restore Ming Dynasty, a group of peasants organized this; Qing government suppressed this brutally, killing around 100,000 people

Proto-industrial society

China was this compared to Western European nations; means that although some industry existed, the vast majority of people still worked on farms

Daimyo

Japanese landholding aristocrats; constant power struggle with the Shoguns

Shogun

military leaders who ruled Japan in the emperor's name from 12th~15th centuries; constant power struggle with the daimyos

Shogunate

centralized government under a shogun

Oda Nobunaga

a powerful daimyo who was armed with muskets purchased from the Portugals; he and his samurai took over the city of Kyoto in 1568 forcing nobles of surrounding land to submit to him; unified around 1/3 of modern Japan

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Nobunaga's successor; expanded Nobunaga's territory until most of modern Japan was under his control; started the Imjin War with Korea

Tokugawa Ieyasu

after Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, center of Japan's power shifted from Kyoto to Edo, which was controlled by this daimyo; declared shogun in 1603; his successors continue to rule Japan in an era known as the Period of Great Peace

Tokugawa Shogunate

set about reorganizing the government of Japan to centralize control over Japan's government which was essentially feudalism; this government forced daimyos to maintain residences both in their home territory and in the capital to keep daimyos under the shogun

Period of Great Peace

a type of relative peace in Japan where successors of Tokugawa Ieyasu ruled; Tokugawa Shogunate's centralized rule helped maintain this period of peace

Hans

approximately 250 domains into which Japan was divided under the Tokugawa; each was controlled by a daimyo who had his own militaristic force and fairly independent

Eta

the very bottom of the Japanese hierarchy (like the Untouchables in India); performed unclean jobs and were tightly regulated by the Japanese government until 1871 when they were emancipated

Hermit Kingdom

a title given to Korea due to how Korea remained isolated from the rest of the world except its relationships with China